...of policy making, in other words, state intervention in the economy and society 494 which refers to sustained and focused control exercised by a public agency over activities that are socially valued. 495 A state is characterised as regulatory if it focuses on the regulatory function...

...alters the operation of markets. More manageably, to adopt Selznick's formulation,1 regulation refers to sustained and focused control exercised by a public agency over activities that are socially valued. It is in the last context that reference is made to 'the regulatory state'. First,...

...academic circles as to what exactly is connoted by the term regulation. Selznick's classic definition — "sustained and focused control exercised by a public agency over activities that are socially valued" (Selznick 1985, 363-7) — is often cited with approval (Majone 1994^; Ogus 1994)....

...definition is too broad in the context of ... pollution control. A somewhat narrower focus sees regulation as a 'sustained and focused control exercised by a...over activities that are valued by a community'.1 The emphasis on 'valued activity' has the advantage of including most pollution regulation (where,...

...definition is too broad in the context of... pollution control. A somewhat narrower focus sees regulation as a 'sustained and focused control exercised by a...public agency over activities that are valued by a community'. 1 The emphasis on 'valued activity' has the advantage of including most pollution regulation...

...and service standards'. It comes much more into Selznick's definition [4] as 'sustained and focussed control exercised by a public agency over activities that are valued by a community'. Thirdly, independent regulators hardly exist at all in public sector situations in developing...