...most people must be coerced, controlled, threatened, in the interest of organisational objectives. The average human being prefers to be directed, wishes...relatively little ambition, wants security above all. The expenditure of physical and mental effort is as natural as play or rest. External control and threat...

...punishment to get them to put forth adequate effort toward the achievement of company objectives. • The average human being prefers to be directed, wishes...avoid responsibility, has relatively little ambition, and wants security above all. Theory Y holds that: The expenditure of physical and mental effort in...

...get them to put forth an adequate effort toward the achievement of organizational objectives"; and (3) "the average human being prefers to be directed,...relatively little ambition, wants security above all" (McGregor 1960:33-34). McGregor maintained that little change would occur in organizations unless these...

...with punishment to get them to perform. For this type of manager or supervisor, the average person prefers to be directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, has relatively little ambition, and wants security above everything else. 2. Theory Y managers, on the other hand, believe that people...

...assumptions include "the average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if he can. The average human being prefers to be directed, wishes...avoid responsibility, has relatively little ambition and wants security above all." Theory Y assumptions, on the other hand, include "The expenditure of...

...into two categories: McGregor's (1960) assumptions leading to theories X and Y Theory X assumptions I The average human being has an inherent dislike of...avoid responsibility, has relatively little ambition, and wants security above alL Theory Y assumptions I The expenditure of physical and mental effort in...

...effort toward the achievement of organizational goals, and finally that the average human being is lazy, prefers to be directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, has relatively little ambition, and wants security above everything else. Theory Y, on the other hand, takes a more enlightened view...

...positively correlated with PDI (r - .54**).79 It combined the following items: a. (Disagreement with) "The average human being prefers to be directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, and has relatively little ambition." b. (Agreement with) "Leadership skills can be acquired by most...

...get them to put forth adequate effort toward the achievement of organizational objectives" (p. 34). 3. "The average human being prefers to be directed,...avoid responsibility, has relatively little ambition, and wants security above all" (p. 34). In systems that have been petrified by inattention, his focus...

...forth adequate effort toward the achievement of organizational objectives. Thus, theory X assumes that the average human being prefers to be directed, wishes...avoid responsibility, has relatively little ambition, and wants security above all else. McGregor's alternative theory, Y, demonstrates that, on the contrary,...