...been taken from him by direct legislative enactment." In Walker v. Whitehead. supra, the court said: "The laws which exist at the time and place of the...guaranteed by the Constitution against impairment." Cooley, supra, says: "Where a statute does not leave a party a substantial remedy according to the...

...those moral and social duties which depend for their fulfilment wholly upon the will of the individual. The ideas of validity and remedy are inseparable,...obligation which is guaranteed by the constitution against invasion.' The obligation of a contract 'is the law which binds the parties to perform their agreement.'...

...depend for their fulfilment wholly upon the will of the individual. The ideas of validity and reined}7 are inseparable, and both are parts of the obligation which is guaranteed by the Constitution. The obligation of a contract ' is the law which binds the parties to perform their agreement.' "' The...