...'integration' to replace direction and control. The assumptions about human motivation of Theory Y are: • Physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest. The ordinary person does not dislike work: it all depends on the conditions under which work takes...

...responsibility, has relatively little ambition, and wants security above alL Theory Y assumptions I The expenditure of physical and mental effort in work...and the threat of punishment are not the only means for bringing about effort towards organizational objectives. People will exercise self-direction and...

...responsibility, have relatively little ambition, and want security above all. Theory Y assumes: • The expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest. • External controls are not the sole means [of motivation] since individuals will exercise self-direction...

...control people to make them contribute to organizational objectives. The main thrust of Theory Y is that the expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest, and that under proper conditions, people will not only accept but even seek responsibility and exercise...

...disliked work - in which case they required direction, control and coercion or whether 'the experience of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest' (Porter, Lawler and Hackman, 1976, p. 36) in which case people will be motivated to work and exercise...

...everything else. Theory Y, on the other hand, takes a more enlightened view of human behavior. It holds that the expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play and rest, that commitment to objectives is a function of the rewards associated with their achievement,...

...employees (p. 42). Alternatively, he proposed a different set of assumptions, which he labeled Theory Y: 1. The expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest [italics added for emphasis). The average human being does not inherently dislike work. Depending upon...

...management" (p. 46). Thus, McGregor based his notion of Theory Y management on the following assumptions: » The expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest. » People will exercise self-direction and self-control in the service of objectives to which they...

...directed; o dislikes responsibility; o is unambiguous; and o desires security above everything.5 • The expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest. • Control and punishment are not the only ways to make people work. People will direct themselves...

...satisfaction (will be voluntarily performed) or a source of punishment (will be avoided if possible). • External control and the threat of punishment are not the only means for bringing about effort toward organizational objectives. Employees will exercise self-direction...