AND

FOUNDATION WALLS,

FOR ALL CLASSES OF BUILDINGS,

PILE DRIVING, BUILDING STONES & BRICKS,

PIER AND WALL CONSTRUCTION, MORTARS, LIMES, CEMENTS,
CONCRETES, STUCCOS, Етс.

60 ILLUSTRATIONS.

PRACTICAL EXPLANATIONS OF THE VARIOUS METHODS OF BUILDING FOUNDATION
WALLS FOR ALL KINDS OF BUILDINGS. TABLES OF THE WEIGHT OF
MATERIALS, ETC. THE KIND OF MATERIALS USED, THE LOADS

SUSTAINED, AND THE SIZES OF WALL PIERS, ETC. USE

OF PILES IN FOUNDATIONS, WITH TERMS, ETC.
PLASTERING, MORTARS, LIMES & CEMENTS.

EXTRACTS FROM NEW YORK BUILD-
ING LAWS, WITH NOTES.

BY GEORGE T. POWELL,

Architect and Civil Engineer, New York.

TO WHICH IS ADDED A TREATISE ON FOUNDATIONS, WITH PRACTICAL ILLUSTRA-
TIONS OF THE METHOD OF ISOLATED PIERS, AS FOLLOWED IN CHICAGO,

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

Foundations on soil or stratum not liable to be affected by weather, air or
water; rock or partly rock; rock with clay; clay................

CHAPTER. II.

Foundations on soil affected by exposure and water; on soft and loose
soils; under soft or yielding ground; boring to test the bottom; tim-
ber-pile foundation; by pile driving; terms used in pile driving;
screw pile driving for bearing; cylinder pipe piles; sizes and kind of
wood for piles; safe load; height for the ram to fall; set of pile;
weight of ram; experiments at the Brooklyn Navy Yard; calculations
of loads sustained by piles; illustrations of shoes to piles; weight of
structures considered.

PAGE

7-9

10-19.

CHAPTER III.

Laws pertaining to excavations of vaults, sidewalks, etc.; where to obtain
permits and fees; footings, etc., for isolated structures; chimney
shafts; the foundation and trenches for footings; manner of laying
out walls from drawings; simple rules for getting right angles, etc... 20-26

CHAPTER IV.

Stone foundation Walls; Kneiss granite in New York City; fixing spread
of footing courses; preparing footings and materials for foundation
walls; brick foundation walls; English and Flemish bond brick;
tables of quantities; table of brick walls; on the use of stone for
building purposes; practical explanations of the constituents of
various rocks; names and use; for construction; sandstone and
brownstones, etc.; pink and red granites; how to build exterior walls
for a stone house; hollow walls; furred walls; slab stone footings;
rubble stone footings; footings of brickwork; inverted arches; ellip-
tic inverted arches; facility of their construction; method of erecting
structures on wooden footings; table of weights of timbers; table of
weights of building stone....

CHAPTER V.

Arches in walls; construction of arches; chimney walls and building the
same; proportion for chimneys; masons' and stone-cutters' tools;
stone-cutting; dry areas around buildings; rubble footings for walls;
bond rubble footings; randomed coursed work; regular faced and
squared masonry; trimmed and coursed masonry; variety of front

27-41