Face to the front of p's tents of } thence to the center of tds of arms of the rear Total depth FEET 45 45 789 The army guard is in the front of the pposite the alarm-guns, in a line the artery quarter-guards, that aced on the right and left of the arma companies. The beis of arms front the poles of rant tents. The hours are placed in the center the roat line of guns, in the interval the two alarm-guns, in a line with sofanas of the companies. The beatenant colonels and majors ters front the centers of the second Bets from the right and left of the Iteel's tent is in a line with cory and guard of the army, ghe same. The staff officers front the centers of end streets, on the right and left Angies of the park. batmen's tents front towards The rear guard fronts outwards. The nes are in a line with the center tels of arms, and each is 18 feet a. The parade of the rear guard et from the bells of arms. rear of the rear guard, and 80 t from their parade, the artilses and drivers tents are placed, or more lines, parallel with the rens, extending from the right art of the whole. stmes happens, that a very an of artillery is in the field, 2 or more regiments: in that ehe oldest takes the right of the , the next oldest the left, and the the center: the center or grand is 63 feet broad, opposite to of artillery, with all its dependencies, is, as it were, the general instrument of the army, and without it nothing can be done. It is impossible to attack fortified places, or to defend them, without artillery; and an army in the field, which wants artillery, can never make head against one that is well provided with it. For this reason it is, that at all times sovereigns have taken great care to provide proper officers of learning and capacity to govern, repair and keep in order, this essential part of military force. The strength of a regiment of artillery depends upon the choice of the prince, the quantity of troops he maintains, and more especially on the situ ation of the country, number of fortifications, and foreign establishments to be defended. It has always been a prevailing custom, to regulate the corps of artillery according to the French me thod; but, since the celebrated king of Prussia fixed his regiments of artillery on another plan, we conceive it proper in this place first to explain our own method, and afterwards that of the king of Prussia; leaving the candid reader to judge for himself, as to the superiority of either. In 1628, and probably long before, the artillery had sundry privileges, from which the rest of the army were excluded, viz. of having the first rank and the best quarters; neither could any carriage or waggon presume to march before theirs, except that belonging to the treasurer. In 1705, we find the first mention made of the royal artillery, before that time it was only called the train of artillery. It then consisted only of 4 companies, under the command of General Borgard. From that period it has gradually increased to 6 battalions, cach battalion consisting of 10 companics, (exclusive of 1 invalid battalion,, which is equal in its establishment with the other battalions, but confined in its The tent of the commanding of-duty to the home garrisons, or Jersey, placed. In the center of this Guernsey, and Bermuda) commanded the colours are placed in a line by a colonel commandant, 1 colonel en * buils of arms, and the artil-second, 2 lieutenant colonels, 1 major, er guard is in the front of the who have no companies. Each comAt the same distance as before pany in time of war generally consists of 120 men, commanded by 1 captain, Begiment of ABTILLERY. The corps 1 captain lieutenant, 2 first, and 1 se cond cond lieutenant. In time of peace the [| operations of war, the most delicate companies are reduced to 50 men each. because they must not only be directe When Frederick the second, king of on the object you have in view, but ac Prussia, came to the crown, he found cording the movements the enem the army in a very good condition, ex- make. Armies generally march in cepting the corps of artillery and engi- columns, the center column of which i neers, which consisted chiefly of mecha- the artillery: should the army march nics and artizans, little esteemed by the in more columns, the artillery and heavy rest of the army, and the officers with- baggage march nevertheless in one o out commissions. His majesty, know- more of the center columns; the situa ing how necessary it was to have a good tion of the enemy determines this. I corps of artillery and engineers, and they are far from the enemy, the bag. how impossible it was to secure that im- gage and ammunition go before or be portant object without having officers hind, or are sent by a particular road; learned in every branch of military an army in such a case cannot march in mathematics, immediately draughted too many columns. But should the all the illiterate officers into the garri- march be towards the enemy, the bagson regiments, supplying their places gage must absolutely be all in the rear, with gentlemen of examined capacity; and the whole artillery form the center and giving them all commissions, with column, except some brigades, one of rank equal to that of the officers of the which marches at the head of each coguards, and an extraordinary pay. This lumn, with guns loaded and burning method of proceeding soon established matches, preceded by a detachment for the honour and reputation of that noble || their safety. The French almost invacorps on a very respectable footing, in- ||riably place their baggage in the center. duced the nobility and men of rank (provided they had capacity) to engage in that service sooner than elsewhere, which has brought it to that summit of high renown it has since enjoyed. The Prussian army consists of 12 bat-, talions, 8 for the field, and 4 for garrison. Each battalion has 12 companies, namely, 1 company of bombardiers, 1 of miners, 1 of artificers, and 9 of artillery. The first, or bombardier companies, are composed of 1 captain, 2 lieutenants, 3 upper and 6 under fire-workers, 2 serjeants, 4 corporals, 2 drummers, and 60 bombardiers. The miners have the same commissioned officers, with 3 serjeants, 6 corporals, 2 drummers, 33 miners, and 33 sappers. The artificers have the same officers and non-commissioned officers as the miners, with 30 artificers and 60 pontoneers. All the artillery companies have 3 commissioned and 6 non-commissioned officers, 2 drummers, and 60 artillerists. The colonel, lieutenant colonel, and major's companies, have each a captain lieutenant; and each battalion has further, 1 chaplain, 1 auditor, 1 adjutant, 1 quarter-master, 1 doctor, 3 surgeons, 1 serjeant-major, 1 drum-inajor, 6 musicians, and 1 provost. March of the ARTILLERY. The marches of the artillery are, of all the Suppose the enemy's army in a condition to march towards the heads of your columns: the best disposition for the march is in 3 columns only, that of the center for the artillery; for it is then easy to form it in order of battle. Hence it is equally commodious for each brigade of artillery to plant itself at the head of the troops, in the place marked for it, in such a manner, that the whole disposition being understood, and well executed, the line of battle may be quickly formed in an open country, and in the presence of any enemy, without risquing a surprise; by which method the artillery will always be in a condition to act as soon as the troops, provided it march in brigades. If your march should be through a country full of defiles, some dragoons must march at the head of the columns, followed by a detachment of grenadiers, and a brigade of artillery; cannon being absolutely necessary to obstruct the enciny's forming into order of battle. When you decamp in the face of the enemy, you must give most attention to your rear guard. On such occasions, all the baggage, ammunition, provisions, and artillery, march before the troops; your best grenadiers, best cavalry, some good brigades of infantry, together may be encamped on the As the march, the artillery, 1 march to the left of the keversa. Should the enemy 13, the troops front that abelng to the right or left ; and the artillery, which tesa a line with the columns, h their intervals, and draws bead of the front line, which d of the column that flanked be enemy; taking care at the Ce that the baggage be well cong the action. we have said armies generch in 3 columns, yet where Cetry will allow it, it is better to na greater number; and let aber be what it will, the artilast form the center columns. Late of March of ARTILLERY. 1. Ar of the army; the strength *ch depends on the commander in 15. Nine light 24 pounders, by 8 horses each. 16. Twelve wagons with stores for ditto, and 2 spare ones, by 4 horses each. 17. A forge and wagon, by 4 horses each. 18. Nine 24 pounders, by 8 horses each. 19. Twelve wagons with stores for ditto, and 2 spare ones. 20. Twelve 12 pounders, by 8 horses each. 21. Sixteen wagons with stores for ditto, and 2 spare ones. 22. Sixteen 5-8 inch mortars, by 2 horses each. 23. Twenty-five wagons with stores for ditto, and 2 spare ones. 24. Ten 8-inch mortars, by 4 horses each. 25. Twenty wagons with stores for ditto, and 2 spare ones. 26. Six 10-inch howitzers, by 6 horses each. 27, Twenty wagons with stores for ditto, and 2 spare ones. 28. A wagon with tools, and men to mend the roads. 29. A forge and wagon, by 4 horses each. 30. Ten 8-inch mortars, by 4 horses each. 31. Twenty wagons with stores for ditto, and a spare one. 32. Sixteen 12-inch mortars, by 8 horses each. 33. Thirty wagons with stores for ditto, and two spare ones. 34. Eight 18-inch stone mortars, by 10 horses each. 35. Sixteen wagons with stores for ditto, and a spare one. 36. Eight 9 pounders, by 3 horses each. 50. Eighteen ditto. 51. Fifty spare limbers. 52. Ten 18 pounders, by 6 horses each. 53. Twenty wagons with stores for ditto, and spare ones. 54. Twenty wagons, with ammunition and stores. 55. Two 12 pounders, by 4 horses each. 56. Four wagons with stores for ditto. 57. Fifty wagons with stores. 58. A wagon with tools, and men to mend the roads. 59. A forge and wagon, by 4 horses each. 60. A hundred wagons with stores, and 4 spare ones. 61. Four 2 and 1 pounders, by 1 horse each. 62. A hundred wagons with and 3 spare ones. stores, 63. Two hundred wagons, and 2 spare ones, 64. Two hundred and fourteen wagons belonging to the artillery baggage, some with 4, 3, and 2 horses each. 65. The artillery rear guard. 66. The rear guard from the army. Officers of ARTILLERY. The master general of the ordnance, who is commander in chief of the artillery, is entrusted with one of the most laborious employments, both in war and peace, requiring the greatest ability, applica tion, and experience. The officers in general should be great mathematicians and engineers, should know all the powers of artillery; the attack and defence of fortined places; in a word, every thing which appertains to that very important corps. ARTILLERY Company, a band of infantry, consisting of 600 men, making part of the militia, or city guard of London. ARTILLEUR, Fr. an officer belonging to the French service, who was formerly appointed by, and acted immediately under the master general of the ordnance. a ARTILLIER, Fr. a an who works on pieces of ordnance as founder; or one who serves them in action. ARX, in the ancient military art, a fort, castle, &c. for the defence of a place. ARZEGAGES, Fr. batons or canes with iron at both ends. They were carried by the Estradiots or Albanian cavaliers who served in France under Charles VIII. and Louis XII, ASAPPES, or AZAPES, auxiliary troops which are raised among the Christians subject to the Turkish empire. These troops are generally placed in the front to receive the first shock of the enemy. ASCENT. See GUNNERY. ASPECT, is the view or profile of land or coast, and contains the figure or representation of the borders of any particular part of the sea. These figures and representations may be found in all the ruttiers or directories for the sea coast. The Italians call them demonstratione. By means of this knowledge you may ascertain whether the land round the shore be high; if the coast itself be steep or sloping; bent in the form of an arc, or extended in strait lines; round at the top, or rising to a point. Every thing, in a word, is brought in a correct state before the eye, as far as regards harbours, bogs, gulphs, adjacent churches, trees, windmills, &c. &c. A menacing ASPECT. An army is said to hold a menacing aspect, when by advanced movements or positions it gives the opposing enemy cause to apprehend offensive operations. A military ASPECT. A country is said to hary aspect, when its ge- || ASSIETTE, Fr. the immediate scite -Lation presents appropriate obor position of a camp, &c. sa ser facilities for an army acting fensive or defensive. É imposing ASPECT. An army is said ve an unposing aspect, when it appras stronger than it really is. This apparave is often assumed for the purpuse deceiving an enemy, and may But properly be considered as a prin Case de guerre, or feint in war. AY.C, Fr.a a piece of ordnance which Cras a 12 pound shot. The piece itmit weighs 4250 pounds. ASSAILLIR, Fr. to attack; to ASSIGNMENT, according to Dr. Johnson, appropriation of one thing to another thing or person. In a military sense, assignment signifies a public do cument, by which colonels of regiments become entitled to certain allowances for the clothing of their several corps. According to the regulation for the clothing and appointments of the British army, dated 22d April, 1803, the period of assignment, extending for two years in the cavalry, and for one year in the infantry, is to commence on the 25th December, 1803; and the future an Its old French term applies ency to budies of men and to indi-nual and biennial assignments are in To give an ASSAULT, is to attack Bar post, &c. To repulse an ASSAULT, to cause the 2-lants to retreat, to beat them back. To carry by ASSAULT, to gain a post by storm, &c. ASSAUT, Fr. See ASSAULT. ASSEMBLEE, Fr. the assembling theter of an army; also a call by beat #arum. See ASSEMBLY. ASSEMBLY, the second beating of the drum before a march; at which the the strike their tents, if encamped, r them up, and stand to arms. See DRM. ASSESSMENT, in a military sense, sectes a certain rate which is paid by the county treasurer to the receiver general of the land-tax, to indemnify say place for not having raised the mibra; which sum is to be paid by the retiver general into the exchequer. The sum to be assessed is five pounds for each man, where no annual certificite of the state of the militia has been transmitted to the clerk of the peace; if not paid before June yearly it may be ved on the parish officers. Such assessment, where there is no county rate, to to be raised as the poor's rate. ASSIEGER, Fr. to besiege. like manner to commence on the 25th December in succeeding years. The right of assigning was directed to be on the 25th of April, upon which day the colonels of corps were to be entitled to make an assignment for the period commencing the 25th December, 1803, and on which they and their re presentatives were to have a vested interest therein. In future years also, the 25th April preceding the commencement of the new assignment, is to be the day on which the colonel's title to such assignment shall become a vested interest. This article is well worth the atten tion of every new appointed colonel of a corps, and equally so of his agent; for by supposing himself entitled to the assignment, without a reference to the exact period of the vacancy, the colonel may be led into an imaginary calcula tion of profits on the off-reckonings, and the agent be exposed to much unneces sary trouble. For form of assignment, see Regimental Companion. ASSOCIATION, any number of men embodied in arms for mutual defence in their district, and to preserve the public tranquillity therein, against foreign or domestic enemies. ASTRAGAL. See CANNON. To ATTACH, to place, to appoint. Officers and non-commissioned officers are said to be attached to the respective army, regiment, battalion, troop, or company with which they are instructed to act. ATTACHE, Fr. the seal and signature of the colonel-general in the old French service, which were affixed to D 2 the |
