Principles of Scientific Sociology

Acknowledgments p. xi 1 General Introduction p. 1 Objectives p. 1 Method p. 3 Contents p. 6 Uses p. 8 Part I Sociological Description 2 Introduction to Part I p. 13 A Generic Definition of Social Phenomena p. 14 Primary Distinctions Within Each Component of the Generic Definition p. 24 Social Structure, Cultural Structure, Spatial Regularity, and Temporal Regularity p. 29 Social Structure Plus Cultural Structure, and Spatial Regularity Plus Temporal Regularity p. 36 Social Structure, Cultural Structure, Spatial Regularity, and Temporal Regularity in Sociobiology p. 49 3 Social Structure p. 54 Individual Physical Behaviors p. 57 Within-Individual Aggregates of Physical Behaviors p. 72 Across-Individuals Aggregates of Physical Behaviors p. 77 Forms of Between-Individuals Physical Behavior Coincidence p. 80 Summary p. 87 4 Cultural Structure p. 89 Individual Psychical Behaviors p. 89 Within-Individual Aggregates of Psychical Behaviors p. 97 Across-individuals Aggregates of Psychical Behaviors p. 121 Forms of Between-Individuals Psychical Behavior Coincidence p. 124 Summary p. 132 5 Spatial and Temporal Regularities p. 133 Dimensions of Spatial and Temporal Regularities p. 136 Social Change and Stability p. 141 Social Spacing p. 151 Types of Social Change and Social Spacing Combined p. 155 Summary p. 155 6 Hierarchic Structure in Social Phenomena p. 156 Four Variants of Hierarchic Structure p. 158 The Principle of Hierarchic Structure p. 162 Complex Social Phenomena p. 182 Summary p. 184 Part II Sociological Explanation and Prediction 7 Introduction to Part II p. 187 The Target of Sociological Explanation p. 189 A Generic Typology of Sociological Explanatory Variables p. 193 Qualifying Comments on the Typology p. 204 Many-Variable Causal Models p. 207 8 Internal Variables p. 208 Materialism p. 208 Nurturism p. 214 Instinctivism p. 277 Enculturism p. 226 Summary p. 238 9 External People Variables-Body p. 239 Demographism p. 239 Social Structuralism p. 248 Summary p. 272 10 External People Variables-Mind p. 273 Psychical Contagionism p. 273 Cultural Structuralism p. 280 Summary p. 301 11 External Thing Variables p. 302 Ecologism p. 302 Technologism p. 307 Summary p. 322 12 Many-Variable Causal Models p. 323 Hierarchically Structured Causes or Effects p. 324 Relations Within the Same Level of a Causal Hierarchy p. 328 Durkheim's Combinations of Causal Models and the Variables They Contain p. 342 Summary p. 350 Part III Scientific Procedure 13 Introduction to Part III p. 355 Subject Matter Procedures of Scientific Analysis p. 358 Imaginary and Actual Analyses, and Individual and Collective Analyses p. 367 Pure and Applied Phases of Scientific Analysis p. 373 Understanding of What? Control Over What? p. 381 Substantive Interrelationships p. 387 14 Pure Science p. 389 Observations p. 389 Empirical Generalizations p. 394 Explanations p. 398 Explanatory and Predictive Procedures p. 401 Tests p. 413 Summary p. 421 15 Applied Science p. 423 Plans p. 424 Decisions p. 445 Implementations p. 448 Outcomes and Evaluations p. 452 Summary p. 457 16 Premises of Scientific Procedure, and Objections to Employing that Procedure in Sociology p. 458 Object Premises p. 459 Subject Premises p. 462 Objections to Applying Scientific Procedure to Sociology p. 477 Summary p. 493 Concluding Remarks p. 494 References p. 495 Name Index p. 523 Subject Index p. 535.