to unite them under one bamaer, and to become chief of or company.

5. Chevauer BANERET, or a Knight LVERIT, gave precedence to the troop company which he commanded wer that of a baneret who was not a or chevalier; the latter obeyed Lezer, and the banner of the first was cut into fewer vanes than that of

BANNER, the ordnance flag fixed the fore part of the drum-major's trum carriage of the royal ar

BANNER, in the horse equipage, for the we.Le-drums and trumpets, must be of the tour of the facing of the regitment. The badge of the regiment, or mak, to be in the center of the banmer of the kettle-drums, as on the sewend standard. The king's cypher and crown to be on the banner of the trumpets, with the rank of the regiment in cures underneath. The depth of the kette-drum banners to be 3 feet 6 Incats, the length 4 feet 8 inches, exchaday the fringe. Those of the trumpers to be 12 inches in depth, and 18 bes in length.

BANNERET.

Knights-bannerets, according to the English acceptation of the tema, are persons who for any paruruar act of valour have been knighted

he field of battle.

cross bars for trumbrels; fore, hind, and under cross bars, for powder carts; shaft bars for wagons, and dowel bars used in mortar beds.

BAR-Shot, two half bullets joined together by an union bar, forming a kind of double-headed shot.

BARAQUER une armée, Fr. to put an army into cantonments.

BARAQUES, Fr. small huts made with wood and earth for the accommodation of soldiers during a campaign.

a

BARB, the reflected points of the head of an arrow. The armour for horses was so called. See CAPARISON. BARBACAN, or BARBICAN, watch-tower, for the purpose of descrying an enemy at a great distance: it also implies an outer defence, or sort of ancient fortification to a city or castle, used especially as a fence to the city or walls; also an aperture made in the walls of a fortress to fire through upon the enemy. It is sometimes used to denote a fort at the entrance of a bridge, or the outlet of a city, having a double wall with towers.

BARBACANAGE, money given to the maintenance of a Barbacan.

BARBETS are peasants subject to the king of Sardinia, who abandon their dwellings when the enemy has taken possession of them. The king forms them into bodies, who defend the Alps, being part of his dominions.

The late Sir William Erskine, on his urs from the Continent in 1764, was knight banneret, in Hyde Park, sas present Majesty, in consequence ofas distinguished conduct at the bat-brasures: in such cases, it is said the theo Emsdorff. But he was not ac

edged as such in this country, algh he was invested with the order, Between the two standards of the 15th sment of fight dragoons, because the y did not take place where the ement happened. Captain Trolhye of the Royal Navy is the last cremedanight banneret. Knights bannee precedence next to knights of

the Bath

BARBET-Battery, in gunnery, is when the breast-work of a battery is only 3 feet high, that the guns may fire over it without being obliged to make emguns fire en barbet. See BATTERY.

BARDEES d'eau, Fr. a measure used in the making of saltpetre, containing three half hogsheads of water, which are poured into tubs for the purpose of refining it. Four half hogsheads are sometimes thrown in.

BARILLER, Fr. an officer who was formerly employed among the gallies, whose chief duty is to superintend the distribution of bread and water.

BARILS, Fr. small barrels, containing gunpowder, flints, &c.

BARILS à feu, ou foudroyants, Fr. barrels filled with gunpowder and grape shot, &c.

BARM, or BERM. See BERM. BARRACKS, or BARACKS, are places erected

E

erected for both officers and men to
lodge in; they are built different ways,
according to their different situations.
When there is sufficient room to make
a large square, surrounded with build-
ings, they are very convenient, because
the soldiers are easily confined to their
quarters, and the rooms being contigu-
ous, orders are executed with privacy
and expedition; and the troops have
not the least connection with the inha-hostile force could march through.
bitants of the place, which prevents
quarrels and riots.

a leather bag with brass nails; they are
used in actual service on the batteries,
to keep the powder from firing by acci-
dent, for loading the guns and mortars.
BARRER, Fr. to stop; to obstruct.
BARRER le chemin d'une troupe ou
d'une armée ennemie, Fr. to take posses-
sion of any particular road or passage,
and to cut it up, or plant it with ord-
nance, &c. in such a manner that no

BARRACK-Allowance, a specific allowance of bread, beer, coals, &c. to the regiments stationed in barracks.

BARRACK-Guard, when a regiment is in barracks, the principal guard is the barrack-guard; the officer being responsible for the regularity of the men in barracks, and for all prisoners duly committed to his charge while on that duty.

BARRACK-Master General, a staff officer at the head of the barrack department; he has a number of barrackmasters and deputies under him, who are stationed at the different barracks; he has an office and clerks for the dispatch of business; to this office all reports, &c. respecting the barrack department are made.

BARRACK-Office, the office at which all business relating to the barrack department is transacted.

BARRELS, in military affairs, are of various kinds.

Fire-BARRELS are of different sorts: some are mounted on wheels, filled with composition, and intermixed with loaded grenades, and the outside full of sharp spikes: some are placed under ground, which have the effect of small mines: others are used to roll down a breach, to prevent the enemy's entrance. -Composition, corned powder 301b. Swedish pitch 12, saltpetre 6, and tallow 3. Not used now.

Thundering-BARRELS are for the same purpose, filled with various kinds of combustibles, intermixed with small shells, grenades, and other fire-works, Not used now.

Powder-BARRELS are about 16 inches diameter, and 30 or 32 inches long, holding 100 pounds of powder.

Budge-BARRELS, hold from 40 to 60 pounds of powder: at one end is fixed

BARRICADE. To barricade is to fortify with trees, or branches of trees, cut down for that purpose, the brushy ends towards the enemy. Carts, wagons, &c. are sometimes made use of for the same purpose, viz. to keep back both horse and foot for some time.

BARRICADES, Fr. obstructions or obstacles created by means of ditches, temporary abatis, &c.

BARRIER, (Barriére, Fr.) in a general sense, means any fortification, or strong place on the frontiers of a country. It is likewise a kind of fence composed of stakes, and transums, as overthwart rafters, erected to defend the entrance of a passage, retrenchment, or the like. In the middle of the barrier is a moveable bar of wood, which is opened and shut at pleasure. It also implies a gate made of wooden bars, about 5 feet long, perpendicular to the horizon, and kept together by two long bars going across, and another crossing diagonally. Barriers are used to stop the cut made through the esplanade before the gate of a town.

BARRIER-Towns. Before the French Revolution, the barrier-towns in Europe were Menin, Dendermond, Ypres, Tournay, Mons, Namur, and Maestricht. These towns were formerly garrisoned half by French or Imperial, and half by Dutch troops.

BASCULE, Fr. a counterpoise which serves to lift up the draw bridge of a town. Likewise a term used in fortification to express a door that shuts and opens like a trap door.

BASE, or BASIS, in fortification, the exterior part or side of a polygon, or that imaginary line which is drawn from the flanked angle of a bastion to the angle opposite to it.

BASE signifies also the level line on which any work stands that is even with the ground, or other work on which it

is word Hence the base of a parapet || reducing gunpowder to its proper con

ampart.

Bist, an ancient word for the smallest
See CANNON.

Bast-fine, the line on which troops in can move. The first division that ches into the alignment forms the hase Line, which each successive division

Bast-ring. See CANNON.

BASILISK, an ancient name given to 48 pounder. See CANNON. BASIS. See BASE.

BASKET-Hilt, the hilt of a sword, mace as to contain, and guard the

WEX e tand.

sistency. The French usually consumed 24 hours in pounding the materials to make good gunpowder; supposing the mortar to contain 16 pounds of composition, it would require the application of the pestle 3500 times each hour. The labour required in this process is less in summer than in winter, because the water is softer.

BATAILLE, Fr. a battle.

Cheval de BATAILLE, Fr. a war horse, or charger. This expression is used figuratively as a sheet anchor or last resource.

BATAILLE rangée, Fr. troops drawn up in a regular line for action. BATAILLER, Fr. to engage one another partially or by detachments,

BASKETS, in military affairs, are baskets, frequently used in sieges. They are filled with earth, and placed on the parapet of a trench, or any other || without coming to a general engagepart. They are generally about a foot ds half in diameter at the top, and

nches at the bottom, and a foot a haif in height; so that, being Bd on the parapet, a kind of embrasare as formed at the bottom, through whr the soldiers fire, without being exposed to the shot of the enemy. See GALTON.

KASOFFICIERS, Fr. non-commissoned off cers, i. e. serjeants and corps are so called in the French serwire. With us the serjeants and lance xants only are so called. BASSINET, Fr. the pan of a mus

BASSON or BASSOON, a wind instment blown with a reed, performthe base to all martial music, one or two of which are attached to each al band.

BASTILLE, Fr. any place fortified

with towers.

BALLE, a state prison which stood hear the temple in Paris, and was desroyed by the inhabitants of that capeal on the 14th of July, 1789. BASTINADO, a punishment among

ment; to struggle hard.

BATAILLON, Fr. a battalion, which seè.

BATAILLON quarré, Fr. a battalion which is drawn up in such a manner, that it forms a perfect square, and is equally strong on the four sides.

BATARDE, French 8 pounders are so called. They are used in action.

BATARDEAU, in fortification, is a massive perpendicular pile of masonry, whose length is equal to the breadth of the ditch, inundation, or any part of a fortification where the water cannot be kept in without the raising of these sorts of works, which are described either on the capitals prolonged of the bastions or half-moons, or upon their faces. In thickness it is from 15 to 18 feet, that it may be able to withstand the violence of the enemy's batteries. Its height depends upon the depth of the ditch, and upon the elevation of the water that is necessary to be kept up for an inundation; but the top of the building must always be under the cover of the parapet of the covert way, so as not to be exposed to

Turkish soldiers, which is perform-the enemy's view. In the middle of its

ef by beating them with a cane or the flat side of a sword on the soles of their et. It is also practised among the Fach. The culprit is tied upon a bude of straw, and receives a preed number of blows, either upon the shoulders or upon his posteriors. BASTION. See FORTIFICATION.

length is raised a massive cylindrical turret, whose height exceeds the batardeau 6 feet.

BAT DE MULET, a pack-saddle used on service when mules are employed to carry stores, &c.

BATESME du Tropique, Fr. a christening under the line. This is a

BATAGE, Fr. the time employed in prophane and ridiculous ceremony which

E2

every person is obliged to go through the first time he crosses the Line on his passage to the East Indies. Different methods of performing it are observed by different nations. Englishmen frequently buy themselves off. Among the French, the individual who was to

BATON a deux bouts, Fr. a quarterstaff.

BATON de commandement, Fr. an instrument of particular distinction which was formerly given to generals in the French army. Henry III. before his ascension to the throne, was made gene

be baptized or christened, swore solemn-ralissimo of all the armies belonging to

ly by the Evangelists, that he would individually assist in forcing every person hereafter, who should be similarly situated, to go through the same

his brother Charles the IXth, and publicly received the Baton, as a mark of high command.

BATON ferrat et non ferrat, Fr. all sorts of weapons.

Obtenir son object par le tour du BaTON, Fr. to accomplish one's ends by equivocal means.

Etre bien assuré de son BATON, Fr. to be morally certain of a thing.

Etre reduit au BATON blanc, Fr. to

be reduced to one's last stake.

BAT-Men, were originally servants Baw-Men, Shired in war time, to take care of the horses belonging to the train of artillery, bakery, baggage, &c. They generally wear the King's livery during their service. Men who are excused regimental duty, for the specific purpose of attending to the horses belonging to their officers, are called bât-staff.

men.

Se conduire à Batons rompus, Fr. to do any thing by fits and starts, to be undecided in your plans of attack, &c. BATOON, a truncheon, or marshal's

BATTA, allowances made to troops in India.

BATTAILOUS, a warlike or military appearance.

BATTALIA. Johnson adopts the word from Battaglia, Ital. and calls it the main body of an army, distinguished from its wings. We are of opinion, that it further implies an army or considerable detachment of troops drawn up in order of battle, or in any other proper form to attack the enemy. See BATTLE.

Knights of the BATH, an English military order of uncertain original. Some writers say it was instituted in the Saxon times; some will have it to have been founded by Richard II. and others by Henry IV. nor is the occasion that gave rise to their order better known. Some say it arose from the custom which formerly prevailed of bathing, before they received the golden spurs. Others say that Henry IV. being in the bath, was told by a knight, that two widows were come to demand justice of him; when leaping out of the bath, he cried, " It was his duty to " prefer the doing of justice to his sub"jects to the pleasures of the bath;" and in memory of this transaction the Knights of the Bath were created. Camden however insists, that this was only the restoration of the order, which was in that prince's reign almost abolished! But however that may be, the order was revived under George I. by a solemn creation of a considerable number of knights. They wear a red rib-cluded. When there are companies of

bon, and their motto is, Tria juncta in uno, alluding to the three cardinal virtues which every knight ought to possess.

BATON, Fr. a staff.

BATTALION or BATALION, an undetermined body of infantry in regard to number, generally from 600 to 1000

men.

The royal regiment of artillery consists of 5 battalions. Sometimes regiments consist each of 1 battalion only; but if more numerous, are divided into several battalions, according to their strength; so that every one may come within the numbers mentioned. A battalion in one of our marching regiments consists of 1000 and sometimes of 1200 men, officers and non-commissioned in

several regiments in a garrison to form a battalion, those of the eldest regiment post themselves on the right, those of the second on the left, and so on till the youngest fall into the center. The of

ficers are their posts before their compane in the right and left, accordemonty. Each battalion is dito 4 divisions, and each division wo subdivisions, which are again 21 mto sections. The companies fgrenadiers being unequal in all batas, their post must be regulated by the commanding officer. See RE

BATTERIE enterrée, Fr. Cannon or ordnance sunk into the earth in such a manner, that the shot can graze the whole surface of the ground it goes

over.

BATTERIE de mortier, Fr. a collection of bombs or shells, generally formed within the circumference of a wall. BATTERIE d'obusier, Fr. a battery formed of howitzers.

BATTERIE de pierriers, Fr. a battery consisting of machines, from which stones may be thrown.

BATTERIE en plein champ, Fr. a battery consisting of cannon, which are planted in such a manner, that their object of attack is wholly unmasked.

Taular BATTALION, in ancient mystory, a body of troops ranged the form of a triangle, in which as exceed each other by an equal tataber of men: if the first rank consists one man only, and the difference between the ranks is only one, then its bestaat of an equilateral triangle; when the difference between the BATTERIE en redans, Fr. cannon sis more than one, its form may planted in such a manher, that the sebea be an isoscele, having two sidesveral pieces form a species of saw, and are fired from alternate intervals. Cannon thus ranged may be said to stand pointed en echellon.

or scalene triangle. This method So aside.

BATTER, a cannonade of heavy ace, from the 1st or 2d parallel of ement, against any fortress or

T

BATTERING, in military affairs, implies the firing with heavy artillery on some fortification or strong post possessed by an enemy, in order to demo

I BATTER in breach, implies a
cannonade of many pieces direct-lish the works.

et Tuone part of the revetement from
thetani parallel.

BATTERIE de Tambour, a French beat the drum similar to the general the British service.

BATTERIE en rouage, Fr. a discharge at.jery which is used to dismount the enemy's cannon.

BATTERIE par camarades, Fr. the charge of several pieces of ordace together, directed at one object

BATTERIE d'enfilade, Fr. Cannon so ted that it can play along the whole

BATTERING-Pieces are large pieces of cannon, used in battering a fortified town or post.

It is judged by all nations, that no less than 24 or 18 pounders are proper for that use. Formerly much larger calibers were used, but as they were so long and heavy, and very troublesome to transport and manage, they were for a long time rejected, till adopted among the French, who during the late war have brought 36 and 42 pounders into the field. At present they use light pieces in the field.

BATTERING-Train, a train of artillery used solely for besieging a strong place, inclusive of mortars and howitzers: all heavy 24, 18, and 12 pounders, come under this denomination; as likewise the 13, 10, and 8 inch mortars and howitzers.

BATTERING-Ram. See the article

RAM.

BATTERY, in military affairs, implies any place where cannon or mortars are mounted, either to attack the forces of the enemy, or to batter a fortifica