The hours are placed in the center of the front line of guns, in the interval a the two alarm-guns, in a line with of arms of the companies. The beatenant colonels and majors front the centers of the second reets from the right and left of the The colonel's tent is in a line with vers and guard of the army, ng the same. The seaf officers front the centers of wecond streets, on the right and left The angles of the park. batmen's tents front towards Der horses. The rear guard fronts outwards. The antes are in a line with the center the teils of arms, and each is 18 feet The parade of the rear guard diet from the bells of arms. rear of the rear guard, and 80 nt from their parade, the artilses and drivers tents are placed, more lines, parallel with the runs, extending from the right art of the whole. watanes happens, that a very man of artillery is in the field, or more regiments: in that e the oldest takes the right of the , the next oldest the left, and the the center: the center or grand 65 feet broad, opposite to The tent of the commanding of Maced. In the center of this the colours are placed in a line the beils of arms, and the artilwater guard is in the front of the at the same distance as before Regiment of ABTILLERY. The corps of artillery, with all its dependencies, is, as it were, the general instrument of the army, and without it nothing can be done. It is impossible to attack fortified places, or to defend them, without artillery; and an army in the field, which wants artillery, can never make head against one that is well provided with it. For this reason it is, that at all times sovereigns have taken great care to provide proper officers of learning and capacity to govern, repair and keep in order, this essential part of military force. The strength of a regiment of artillery depends upon the choice of the prince, the quantity of troops he maintains, and more especially on the situation of the country, number of fortifications, and foreign establishments to be defended. It has always been a prevailing custom, to regulate the corps of artillery according to the French method; but, since the celebrated king of Prussia fixed his regiments of artillery on another plan, we conceive it proper in this place first to explain our own method, and afterwards that of the king of Prussia; leaving the candid reader to judge for himself, as to the superiority of either. In 1628, and probably long before, the artillery had sundry privileges, from which the rest of the army were excluded, viz. of having the first rank and the best quarters; neither could any carriage or waggon presume to march before theirs, except that belonging to the treasurer. In 1705, we find the first mention made of the royal artillery, before that time it was only called the train of artillery. It then consisted only of 4 companies, under the command of General Borgard. From that period it has gradually increased to 6 battalions, each battalion consisting of 10 companies, (exclusive of 1 invalid battalion,, which is equal in its establishment with the other battalions, but confined in its duty to the home garrisons, or Jersey, Guernsey, and Bermuda) commanded by a colonel commandant, 1 colonel en second, 2 lieutenant colonels, 1 major, who have no companies. Each company in time of war generally consists of 120 men, commanded by 1 captain, 1 captain lieutenant, 2 first, and 1 se cond cond lieutenant. In time of peace the || operations of war, the most delicate companies are reduced to 50 men each. When Frederick the second, king of Prussia, came to the crown, he found the army in a very good condition, excepting the corps of artillery and engineers, which consisted chiefly of mechanics and artizans, little esteemed by the rest of the army, and the officers without commissions. His majesty, knowing how necessary it was to have a good corps of artillery and engineers, and how impossible it was to secure that important object without having officers learned in every branch of military mathematics, immediately draughted all the illiterate officers into the garrison regiments, supplying their places with gentlemen of examined capacity; and giving them all commissions, with rank equal to that of the officers of the guards, and an extraordinary pay. This method of proceeding soon established the honour and reputation of that noble corps on a very respectable footing, induced the nobility and men of rank (provided they had capacity) to engage in that service sooner than elsewhere, which has brought it to that summit of high renown it has since enjoyed. The Prussian army consists of 12 battalions, 8 for the field, and 4 for garrison. Each battalion has 12 companies, namely, 1 company of bombardiers, 1 of miners, 1 of artificers, and 9 of artillery. The first, or bombardier companies, are composed of 1 captain, 2 lieutenants, 3 upper and 6 under fire-workers, 2 serjeants, 4 corporals, 2 drummers, and 60 bombardiers. The miners have the same commissioned officers, with 3 serjeants, 6 corporals, 2 drummers, 33 miners, and 33 sappers. The artificers have the same officers and non-commissioned officers as the because they must not only be directe on the object you have in view, but ac cording the movements the enem make. Armies generally march in: columns, the center column of which i the artillery: should the army marcl in more columns, the artillery and heavy baggage march nevertheless in one o more of the center columns; the situa tion of the enemy determines this. It they are far from the enemy, the baggage and ammunition go before or be hind, or are sent by a particular road; an army in such a case cannot march in too many columns. But should the march be towards the enemy, the baggage must absolutely be all in the rear, and the whole artillery form the center column, except some brigades, one of which marches at the head of each column, with guns loaded and burning matches, preceded by a detachment for their safety. The French almost invariably place their baggage in the center. Suppose the enemy's army in a condition to march towards the heads of your columns: the best disposition for the march is in 3 columns only, that of the center for the artillery; for it is then easy to form it in order of battle. Hence it is equally commodious for each brigade of artillery to plant itself at the head of the troops, in the place marked for it, in such a manner, that the whole disposition being understood, and well executed, the line of battle may be quickly formed in an open country, and in the presence of any enemy, without risquing a surprise; by which method the artillery will always be in a condition to act as soon as the troops, provided it march in brigades. If your march should be through a miners, with 30 artificers and 60 ponto-country full of defiles, some dragoons a neers. All the artillery companies have 3 commissioned and 6 non-commissioned officers, 2 drummers, and 60 artillerists. The colonel, lieutenant colonel, and major's companies, have each captain lieutenant; and each battalion has further, 1 chaplain, 1 auditor, 1 adjutant, 1 quarter-master, 1 doctor, 3 surgeons, 1 serjeant-major, 1 drum-ınajor, 6 musicians, and 1 provost. March of the ARTILLERY. The marches of the artillery are, of all the must march at the head of the columns, followed by a detachment of grenadiers, and a brigade of artillery; cannon being absolutely necessary to obstruct the encimy's forming into order of battle. When you decamp in the face of the enemy, you must give most attention to your rear guard. On such occasions, all the baggage, ammunition, provisions, and artillery, march before the troops; your best grenadiers, best cavalry, soine good brigades of infantry, together me brigades of artil-said guns, drawn by 4 horses each, and the rear guard. Cannon is use for a rear guard, when bt to pass a defile, or a dbe placed at the entry a 1 desie, on an eminence, if there #. or da any other place, from were ground can be discovered, which the enemy must march | the rear guard. ent of pioneers, with tools, Das mach at the head of the 107 of each column of equi tay be encamped on the "Lass it the march, the artillery, ...1 march to the left of the keversa. Should the enemy A that 13 (194)n, the troops front that www.edag to the right or left s; and the artillery, which in a line with the columns, whygh their intervals, and draws head of the front line, which wd of the column that flanked te enemy; taking care at the The that the baggage be well cosuing the action. [ we have said armies geneMarch in 3 columns, yet where cantry will allow it, it is better to in a greater number; and let saber be what it will, the artil st form the center columns. Late of Morch of ARTILLERY. 1. Aran of the army; the strength *ch depends on the commander in 2 spare ones. 10. Gins and capstans, with their proper workmen, 3 wagons, with 2 horses each. 11. A forge on four wheels, and 1 wagon, 4 horses each. 12. Twelve heavy 24 pounders, by 16 horses each. 13. Sixteen wagons with stores for ditto, and 2 spare ones, by 4 horses each. 14. A wagon with tools, and pioneers to mend the roads. 15. Nine light 24 pounders, by 8 horses each. 16. Twelve wagons with stores for ditto, and 2 spare ones, by 4 horses each. 17. A forge and wagon, by 4 horses each. each. 18. Nine 24 pounders, by 8 horses 19. Twelve wagons with stores for ditto, and 2 spare ones. 20. Twelve 12 pounders, by 8 horses each. 21. Sixteen wagons with stores for ditto, and 2 spare ones. 22. Sixteen 5-8 inch mortars, by 2 horses each. 23. Twenty-five wagons with stores for ditto, and 2 spare ones. 24. Ten 8-inch mortars, by 4 horses each. 25. Twenty wagons with stores for ditto, and 2 spare ones. 26. Six 10-inch howitzers, by 6 horses each. 27, Twenty wagons with stores for ditto, and 2 spare ones. 28. A wagon with tools, and men to mend the roads. 29. A forge and wagon, by 4 horses each. 30. Ten 8-inch mortars, by 4 horses each. 31. Twenty wagons with stores for ditto, and a spare one. 32. Sixteen 12-inch mortars, by 8 horses each. 33. Thirty wagons with stores for ditto, and two spare ones. 34. Eight 18-inch stone mortars, by 10 horses each. 35. Sixteen wagons with stores for ditto, and a spare one. 36. Eight 9 pounders, by 3 horses each. D 37. Six 37. Sixteen wagons with stores for || tion, and experience. The officers in ditto, and a spare one. 38. Twenty 6 pounders, by 2 horses each. general should be great mathematicians and engineers, should know all the powers of artillery; the attack and defence of fortified places; in a word, every thing which appertains to that very important corps. ARTILLERY Company, a band of infantry, consisting of 600 men, making part of the militia, or city guard of London. ARTILLEUR, Fr. an officer belonging to the French service, who was formerly appointed by, and acted immediately under the master general of the ordnance. ARTILLIER, Fr. a man who 46. Six wagons with stores for ditto.works on pieces of ordnance as a 47. Sixteen 6 pounders, by 2 horses each. 57. Fifty wagons with stores. 58. A wagon with tools, and men to mend the roads. 59. A forge and wagon, by 4 horses each. 60. A hundred wagons with stores, and 4 spare ones. 61. Four 2 and 1 pounders, by 1 horse each. 62. A hundred wagons with stores, and 3 spare ones. 63. Two hundred wagons, and 2 spare ones, 64. Two hundred and fourteen wagons belonging to the artillery baggage, some with 4, 3, and 2 horses each. 65. The artillery rear guard. 66. The rear guard froin the army. Officers of ARTILLERY. The master general of the ordnance, who is commander in chief of the artillery, is entrusted with one of the most laborious employments, both in war and peace, requiring the greatest ability, applica founder; or one who serves them in action. ARX, in the ancient military art, a fort, castle, &c. for the defence of a place. ARZEGAGES, Fr. batons or canes with iron at both ends. They were carried by the Estradiots or Albanian cavaliers who served in France under Charles VIII. and Louis XII, ASAPPFS, or AzAPES, auxiliary troops which are raised among the Christians subject to the Turkish empire. These troops are generally placed in the front to receive the first shock of the enemy. ASCENT. See GUNNERY. ASPECT, is the view or profile of land or coast, and contains the figure or representation of the borders of any particular part of the sea. These figures and representations may be found in all the ruttiers or directories for the sea coast. The Italians call them demonstratione. By means of this knowledge you may ascertain whether the land round the shore be high; if the coast itself be steep or sloping; bent in the form of an arc, or extended in strait lines; round at the top, or rising to a point. Every thing, in a word, is brought in a correct state before the eye, as far as regards harbours, bogs, gulphs, adjacent churches, trees, windmills, &c. &c, A menacing ASPECT. An army is said to hold a menacing aspect, when by advanced movements or positions it gives the opposing enemy cause to apprehend offensive operations. A military ASPECT. A country is said to thara atlary aspect, when its gestataon presents appropriate obsa er facilities for an army acting Lar offensive or defensive. 11 imposing ASPECT. Anarmy is said mave an imposing aspect, when it appraws stronger than it really is. This Aurarave isoften assumed for the purpuse deceiving an eneiny, and may properly be considered as a prinKatase de querre, or feint in war. AY.C, Fr.a piece of ordnance which cures a 12 pound shot. The piece itwat weighs 4250 pounds. ASSAILLIR, Fr. to attack; to Itus oid French term applies y to bodies of men and to indi ASSAULT, a furious effort to carry artised post, camp, or fortress, where Le sasultants do not screen themselves byan works While an assault during a sirge continues, the batteries cease, for tear of killing their own men. An assala is sometimes made by the regiBeats that guard the trenches of a sege, sustained by detachments from the army. To give an ASSAULT, is to attack y post, &c. To repulse an ASSAULT, to cause the alants to retreat, to beat them back. To carry by ASSAULT, to gain a post by storm, &c. ASSAUT, Fr. See ASSAULT. ASSEMBLEE, Fr. the assembling tetuer of an army; also a call by beat otarum. See ASSEMBLY. ASSEMBLY, the second beating of the drum before a march; at which the estrike their tents, if encamped, ral them up, and stand to arms. DaoM. See ASSESSMENT, in a military sense, segerties a certain rate which is paid by the county treasurer to the receiver general of the land-tax, to indemnify say place for not having raised the mikra; which sum is to be paid by the receiver general into the exchequer. The sum to be assessed is five pounds for each man, where no annual certificote of the state of the militia has been transmitted to the clerk of the peace; if not paid before June yearly it may be ued on the parish officers. Such assessment, where there is no county rate, te to be raised as the poor's rate. ASSIEGER, Fr. to besiege. ASSIETTE, Fr. the immediate scite or position of a camp, &c. ASSIGNMENT, according to Dr. Johnson, appropriation of one thing to another thing or person. In a military sense, assignment signifies a public document, by which colonels of regiments become entitled to certain allowances for the clothing of their several corps. According to the regulation for the clothing and appointments of the British army, dated 22d April, 1803, the period of assignment, extending for two years in the cavalry, and for one year in the infantry, is to commence on the 25th December, 1803; and the future annual and biennial assignments are in like manner to commence on the 25th December in succeeding years. The right of assigning was directed to be on the 25th of April, upon which day the colonels of corps were to be entitled to make an assignment for the period commencing the 25th December, 1803, and on which they and their representatives were to have a vested interest therein. In future years also, the 25th April preceding the commence ment of the new assignment, is to be the day on which the colonel's title to such assignment shall become a vested interest. This article is well worth the atten tion of every new appointed colonel of a corps, and equally so of his agent; for by supposing himself entitled to the assignment, without a reference to the exact period of the vacancy, the colonel may be led into an imaginary calculation of profits on the off-reckonings, and the agent be exposed to much unneces sary trouble. For form of assignment, see Regimental Companion. ASSOCIATION, any number of men embodied in arms for mutual defence in their district, and to preserve the public tranquillity therein, against foreign or domestic enemies. ASTRAGAL. See CANNON. To ATTACH, to place, to appoint. Officers and non-commissioned officers are said to be attached to the respective army, regiment, battalion, troop, or company with which they are instructed to act. ATTACHE, Fr. the seal and signature of the colonel-general in the old French service, which were affixed to D2 the |