cased; and when they were mounted, or take possession of any thing under The mousquetaires never served on horseback, except when the king travelled: on those occasions they stood next to the light horse. Their duty when on foot, was the same as that of the royal regiment of guards. Donner sur la MOUSTACHE, Fr. to MOUTARDE, Fr. means literally mustard. The word, however, is frequently used by the French in a figurative sense, viz. s'amuser à la moutarde, to be uselessly employed, or busy about nothing. It is likwise used to express impatience: la moutarde lui monte au nez, Fr. he grows restless and impaWhen they did duty on foot at the tient; a defect, to which no general or palace, they were provided with a hand-commanding officer should give way. some table at the expence of the civil list. The two companies always mounted guard without being mixed with any other troops; whereas the rest of the household did duty by detachment. The musketeers did not take rank in the army, but they enjoyed the same privileges that were attached to the body guards, gendarmes, and light horse.They were frequently called mousquetaires gris, and mousquetaires noirs, from the colour of their horses. MOUSQUETON, F. a fire-arm which is lighter and shorter than the common firelock; usually carried by dragoons. The French guards, during the monarchy, had their mousquetons highly polished and ornamented with gold, &c. MOUSSE, Fr. moss. MOUSSE, garçon de bord, Fr. a cabinboy. Powder monkey, on board our ships of war, corresponds with the term mousse. According to a French writer, these boys were so hardly used in the old French navy, that, whether they deserved punishment or not, some captains of ships directed them to be chastised regularly once a week. MOUSTACHE, Fr. this word was originally derived from theGreek, adopted by the Italians, subsequently by the French, and then used by us. It literally means the hair which is allowed to grow upon the upper lip of a man; and which is better known amongst us by the familiar term whiskers. The French use it in a figurative sense, viz. Enlever sur la moustache; jusque sur la moustache de quelqu'un, Fr. to seize C'est de la MOUTARDE après diner, Fr. This expression is in general use among the French, and signifies, that assistance, &c. is brought when there is no longer need of it. When commissaries, &c, make up a lame account for monies received, it is common to say, et le reste en moutarde. MOUTH. See Muzzle. MOUTH of FIRE. The entrance into the garrison of Gibraltar, by the grand battery and the old mole, is so called by the Spaniards, on account of the formidable appearance of the ordnance from the lines. MOUTONNIER, Fr. sheep-like; gregarious. The notorious Marat used to say, during the effervescence of the French revolution, Tout peuple est moutonnier, the nation or people at large are always gregarious, and ready to fol low a leader. MOUVEMENS, Fr. movements, commotions, broils. MOUVEMENS de Téte, Fr. motions of the head. For the English explanation of these motions, see Eyes. The French express them in the following manner: Tête à droite, eyes right.Tête à gauche, eyes left.-Fire! eyes front. MOUVEMENS des troupes sous les armes, Fr. By these are understood the different changes of position, and the various facings which soldiers go through under arms. MOUVEMENS de pied ferme, Fr. that exercise, consisting of the manual and facings, which a soldier performs, with4 B out out quitting his original ground. The left foot on this occasion becomes a standing pivot, MOUVEMENS ouverts, Fr. movements, or evolutions, which are made at open order. MOUVEMENS Serrés, Fr. movements, or evolutions, which are made at close order. MOUVEMENS opposés, Fr. opposite movements, or evolutions. MOUVEMENT, Fr. See Movement. MOUVEMENT, Fr. See motion for its general acceptation. MOYENNE, Fr. a piece of ordnance formerly so called. See Minion, MOYEN, The bastions which are constructed on the angles are called Royal Bastions. Some engineers have distinguished those bastions by the name of Moyens Royaux, or medium royals, whose flanks contain from ninety to one hundred toises. MOYENNE Ville, Fr. a term given by the French to any town in which the garrison is equal to a third of the inha bitants, and which is not deemed sufficiently important to bear the expence of a citadel; more especially so, because it is not in the power of the inhabitants to form seditious meetings without the knowledge of the soldiers who are quartered on them. MOYENS côtés, Fr. in fortification, are those sides which contain from eighty to one hundred and eighty toises in extent: these are always fortified with bastions on their angles. The Moyens côtés, are generally found along the extent of irregular places; and each one of these is individually subdivided into small, mcan, and great sides. MUD-WALLS. The ancient fortifications consisted chiefly of mud or clay, thrown up in any convenient form for defence against sudden inroads. MUET, Fr. See Mute. To MUFFLE, to wrap any thing up so as to deaden the sound, which might otherwise issue from the contact of two hard substances. When the French effected their passage over the march Albaredo, on their route to the plain of Marengo, they were so much exposed to the Austrians, that in order to get their artillery and ammunition over, without being betrayed by the noise of the carriage wheels, and the clattering of the horses' shoes, both were muffed with bands of hay and straw, and dung was spread over the ground. In this manner they crossed that stupendous rock. Thirty men were put to the drag ropes of each piece, and as many were employed to draw up the caissons. MUFFLED. Drums are muffled at military funerals or burials, and at military executions, particularly when a soldier is shot for some capital crime. MUGS, a banditti of plunderers from an Indian nation. MULAGIS, Turkish cavalry, consisting of a small number of chosen men, who are personally attached to the Begleberg, or viceroy, in Turkey. The beg leberg is head or chief of a militia, which is called after him, and is commanded by subordinate beglers. There are 24 beglers, or viceroys, under the Grand Signor, who are extremely rich. MULATTO, (mulátre, Fr.) in the Indies, denotes one begotten by a negroman on an Indian woman, or by an Indian man on a negro-woman. Those begotten of a Spanish woman and Indian man are called Metis, and those begotten of a savage by a Metis, are called Jambis. They also differ very much in colour, and in their hair. Generally speaking, especially in Europe, and in the West Indies, a nulatto is one begotten by a white man on a negro woman, or by a negro man on a white woman. The word is Spanish, mulata, and formed of mula, a mule, being begotten, as it were, of two different species. Mulattoes abound in the West Indies; so much so, that on the dangerous symptoms of insurrection, which appeared among the blacks after the success of Toussaint in St. Domingo, a proposal was made to government by a rich planter, to raise a mulatto corps, as an intermediate check upon the blacks.— After six months suspence, the memorial was rejected by the war minister, Henry Dundas, now Viscount Melville. MULCT. A soldier is said to be mulet of his pay when put under fine or stoppages for necessaries, or to make good some dilapidations committed by him on the property of the people or go MULTILATERAL, having many sides. MULTIPLE, one number containing another several times; as 9 is the multiple of 3, 16 that of 4, and Bo on. MUNIMELL, a strong hold, fortification, &c. MUNIR une place, Fr. to throw stores, ammunition, and provisions, into a place which is likely to be besieged. MUNITION, Fr. This word is used among the French to express not only victuals and provisions, but also military stores and ammunition. MUNITIONS de bouche, Fr. victuals or provisions, (such as bread, salt, meat, vegetables, butter, wine, beer, brandy, &c. which may be procured for soldiers) are so called by the French. Corn, oats, hay, straw, and green forage, for cavalry, bear the same appellation. See Subsistence. MUNITIONS de guerre, Fr. military stores, such as gunpowder, shot, balls, bullets, matches, &c. See Stores. MUNITIONNAIRE ou entrepreneur des vivres, Fr. military purveyor, or commissary of stores. Amaury Bourguignon, from Niort, a town of Poitou, was the first Munitionnaire and entrepreneur général, or purveyor-general, among the French. He was appointed in the reign of Henry III. in 1574. See Purveyor. MUNITIONNAIRE pour la marine, Fr. the head of the victualling office was so called among the French. There was a person on board every ship of war, called Commis or Clerk, who acted under his orders. The appointment of the latter was somewhat similar to that of a purser in the British navy. MUNSUB, Ind. a title which gives the person invested with it, a right to have the command of seven thousand horse, with the permission of bearing amongst his ensigns that of a Fish; neither of which distinctions is ever granted, excepting to persons of the first note in the empire. MUNUS, a gift; an offering. It was customary among the Romans, when a military funeral took place, for the friends of the deceased to throw his clothes and arms into the pile the instant the body was consigned to flames; this was looked upon as the last offering to his memory. Sometimes they threw gold and silver with the arms and accoutrements. When the remains of Julius Cæsar were burned, all the soldiers who attended threw their helmets, &c. into the burning pile. We, in some degree, follow this custom, by placing upon the pall the hat or cap, side-arms, &c. of the deceased; but we are too wise to destroy the articles, although not sufficiently prudent (especially in populous towns) to burn the body." MUR, Fr. a wall. MUR Crénelé, Fr. a wall which has small intervals or spaces at the top, that serve more for ornament or ostentation than for real defence. This method of building prevailed very much in former times. Mun de face, Fr. outside wall of any building. MUR de fuce de devant, Fr. front outside wall; it is likewise called Mur Antérieur. MUR de face de derrière, Fr. the wall which forms the backside of a building is so called: it is likewise named Mur postérieur. MURS latéraux, Fr. the side walls of a building. Gros Muns, Fr. all front and par tition walls are so called. MUR de pierres séches, Fr. a wall that is built of stone, without mortar or cement. Walls of this construction are seen in several counties in England, particularly in the west country. MUR en l'air, F. Every wall is so called that does not rise uniformly from a parallel foundation. Walls built upon arches are of this description. MUR mitoyen, Fr. partition wall. MUR d'appui, Fr. a wall of support. Any wall that is built to support a quay, terrace, or balcony, or to secure the sides of a bridge, is so called. Mur de parapet, or parapet wall, may be considered as a wall of support. MURAGE, money appropriated to the repair of military works, was anciently so called. MURAILLE de revêtement, Fr. the wall which surrounds a fortified place is so called. Charger en MURAILLE, Fr. to charge or attack an enemy, in a firm, compact, and steady line. MURAILLE de la Chine, Fr. See Wall. 4 B 2 MU MURAL-Crown. See CROWN. Couronne MURALE, Fr. See Mural Crown. MURATORES, individuals, among the Romans, who were e employed during the games that were performed in the Circus. It was their business to sec that the chariots started at given times, that they preserved their order or ranks, and kept their allotted distances. MURDRESSES, in ancient fortification, a sort of battlement with interstices, raised on the tops of towers to fire through. Ville MURÉE, Fr. a walled town. MURTHERERS, or murthering pieces, small pieces of ordnance, having chambers, and made to load at the breech. They are mostly used at sea, in order to clear the decks when an enemy has boarded a vessel. MUSCULUS. Kennett in his Roman Antiquities, page 237, says, "the Musculus is conceived to have been much of the same nature as the Testudines; but it seems to have been of a smaller size, and composed of stronger materials, being exposed a much longer time to the force of the enemy; for in these Musculi, the pioneers were sent to the very walls, where they were to continue, while with their dolabræ or pick-axes, and other instruments, they endeavoured to undermine the foundations. Cæsar has described the Musculus at large in his second book of the civil wars. MUSICK, a general term for the musicians of a regimental band. that article by the public. It is probable, that some general officer undertook to prevent this abuse, by obtaining permission from the king to clothe the musicians, &c. in so fantastical a manner, that they would be ashamed to exhibit themselves at public-houses, &c. PHRYGIAN MUSIC, a martial sort of ancient music, which excited men to rage and battle: by this mode Timotheus stirred up Alexander to arms. Modes of Music. There were three modes among the ancients, which took their names from particular countries, namely, the Lydian, the Phrygian, and the Doric. MUSKET, the most serviceable MUSQUET, S and commodious firearm used by an army. It carries a ball of 29 to 2 pounds. Its length is 3 feet 6 inches from the muzzle to the pan. The Spaniards were the first who armed part of their foot with muskets. At first they were made very heavy, and could not be fired without a rest: they had match locks, and did execution at a great distance. These kinds of muskets and rests were used in England so late as the beginning of the civil wars. MUSKETS were first used at the siege of Rhege, in the year 1521. MUSKET BASKETS. These are about a foot, or a foot and an half high, eight or ten inches diameter at bottom, and a foot at the top; so that, being filled with earth, there is room to lay musket between them at bottom, being set on low breast-works, or parapets, or upon such as are beaten down. a MUSKETEERS, soldiers armed with muskets; who, on a march, carried only their rests and ammunition, and had boys to bear their muskets after them.— They were very slow in loading, not only by reason of the unwieldiness of the pieces, and because they carried the pow der and ball separate, but from the time MUSICIANS. It has been often asked, why the dress of musicians, drummers, and fifers, should be of so varied and motley a composition, making them appear more like harlequins and mountebanks, than military appendages? The following anecdote will explain the reason, as far at least as it regards the British service: the musicians belong-required to prepare and adjust the match: ing to the guards formerly wore plain blue coats, so that the instant they came off duty, and frequently in the intervals between, they visited alehouses, &c. without changing their uniform, and thus added considerably to its wear and tear. It will be here remarked, that the clothing of the musicians falls wholly upon the colonels of regiments; no allowance being specifically made for so that their fire was not so brisk as ours is now. Afterwards a lighter kind of match-lock musket came in use; and they carried their ammunition in bandeliers, to which were hung several little cases of wood, covered with leather, each containing a charge of powder; the balls they carried loose in a pouch, and a priming-horn, hanging by their side side. These arms were about the beginning of this century, universally laid aside in Europe, and the troops were armed with firelocks. MUSKETOONS, short thick muskets, whose bore is the 38th part of their length: they carry five ounces of iron, or 7 of lead, with an equal quantity of powder. The term musketoon Every officer who shall knowingly make a false muster of man or horse, and every officer and commissary, or mustermaster, who shall wittingly sign, direct, or allow the signing of the muster rolls, wherein such false muster is contained, shall, upon proof made thereof, by two witnesses before a general court-martial, be cashiered, and suffer such other pe is also applied to a fire-arm resemblingnalty as he is liable to by the act for pua horse pistol, of a very wide bore, and sometimes bell-mouthed. MUSRAL, the noseband of a horse's bridle. MUSSUK, Ind. a skin in which water is carried. nishing mutiny and desertion. Any commissary or muster-master, who shall be convicted before a general court-martial, of having taken money, by way of gratification, on the mustering any regiment, troop, or company, or on the signing the muster-rolls, shall be dis MUSTACHES, whiskers, worn by the Germans, Russians, and other fo-placed from his office, and suffer such reign troops. MUSTER, in a military sense, a review of troops under arms, to see if they be complete, and in good order; to take an account of their numbers, the condition they are in, viewing their arms, and accoutrements, &c. This word is derived from the French montrer, to shew. At a muster every man must be properly clothed and accoutred, &c, and answer to his name. The French call it appel nominatif. other penalty as he is liable to by the said act. Every colonel, or other field officer, commanding a regiment, troop, or com→ pany, and actually residing with it, may give furloughs to non-commissioned of ficers and soldiers, in such numbers, and for so long a time, as he shall judge to be most consistent with the good of our service; but no non-commissioned officer or soldier, shall, by leave of his captain, or inferior officer, commanding the troop or company, (his field officer not being present) be absent above twenty days in six months; nor shall more than two private men be absent at the same time from their troop or company, unless some extraordinary occasion shall re MUSTERS. By section the fourth of the Articles of War, it is enacted, that musters shall be taken of the regiments of life guards, horse guards, and foot guards, twice at least in every year, at such times as shall have been or may be appointed, and agreeably to the formsquire it; of which occasion the field heretofore used therein. officer present with and commanding the regiment is to be the judge. It is strictly forbidden to muster any person as a soldier who does not actually do his duty as a soldier, &c. See LIVERY. MUSTER-master-general, Commissarygeneral of the MUSTERS, one who takes account of every regiment, their number, horses, arts, &c. reviews them, sees that the horses are well mounted, and all the incn well armed and accoutred, &c. MUSTER-ROLL, (état nominatif, Fr.) a specific list of the officers and men in every regiment, troop, or company, which is delivered to the inspecting field officer, muster-master, regimental or district paymaster, (as the case may be) whereby they are paid, and their gendition is known. The names of the offi cers |