HEAD of a double tenaille, the salient angle in the center, and the two other sides which form the re-entering angle.

HEAD-piece, armour for the head; an helmet, such as the light dragoons wear. HEAD of a camp, the ground before which the army is drawn up.

HEAD-QUARTERS, the place where the officer commanding any army or independent body of troops takes up his residence.

HEAUMIER, Fr. an armourer, or helmet-maker.

HEBDOMADIER, Fr. The person whose week it is to be on duty.

HÉGOMENE, Fr. a chief, a leader. HEIDUQUE, Fr. an Hungarian foot soldier. See HEYDUC.

HELEN, (Hélène, Fr.) A woman celebrated in history for the fatal influence of her charms over Paris, the son of Priam, King of Troy; and the conse

HEADBOROUGH, a civil officer,quent cause of its destruction. A French whose functions are the same with respect to the militia, as those prescribed to constables and subordinate constables. HEADSTALL, that part of the bridle which goes over the horse's head.

HEAUME, Fr. A word derived from the German, which formerly signified casque, or helmet. The heaume has been sometimes called among the French salade, armet, and celate from the Latin word which means engraved, on account of the different figures which were represented upon it. The heaume covered the whole of the face, except the eyes, which were protected by small iron bars laid cross-ways.

writer very justly remarks, that many a young officer is exposed in his outset in military life, to the fascinations of the sex, and is liable to fall into the snares of women, whose sole object is to create passions and rivalry, among gallant men, without feeling one spark of honest affection themselves. Hence the many feuds and quarrels that so often deprive the country of brave and meritorious men. An officer ought to recollect, that the first object of his mind, is his country's good; that all private affection is subordinate to public duty, and that his life fhould never be exposed, except in the defence of liberty, and for the maintenance of good order and discipline.

The heaume was not only worn by the chevaliers or knights when they went to war, but also at tilts and tournaments. HELEPOLIS, (Hélépole, Fr.) in the It serves as an ornament or helmet in ancient art of war, a machine for battercoats of arms and armorial bearings.ing down the walls of a place besieged. Various appellations have been given to this piece of armour, such as habillement de téte, covering for the head, casque, helmet; and under Francis I. it was distinguished by the name of armet. It does not resemble the morion, the salade or head-piece, the pot, or bourguignotte, burganet, which were worn only in the infantry. The heaume, as we have observed above, covered the face. There was an opening opposite to the eyes which was guarded by small iron bars, or lattice-work, and was a kind of visor. The heaume, or helmet, is still preserved in heraldry, and is a distinguishing mark of nobility. In tournaments the helmet was presented as a prize of honour to the most active champion, because it was the principal piece of defensive armour; but a sword was given to the assailants, as that was an offensive weapon.

The invention of it is ascribed to Demetrius the Poliorcete. Diodorus Siculus says, that each side of the helepolis was 450 cubits broad, and 90 in height; that it had 9 stages or floors, and was carried on 4 strong solid wheels, 8 cubits in diameter; that it was armed with huge battering rams, and had 2 roofs capable of supporting them; that in the lower stages there were different sorts of engines for casting stones; and in the middle, they had large catapultas for lancing arrows.

du HEAUME! Fr. a term formerly used among the French, in the same manner that they now use the expression aux armes ! to arms!

HELICOMETRY, an art which teaches how to draw or measure spiral lines upon a plane, and shew their respective properties.

HELIOID parabola is a curve arising from the supposition of the axis of the Apollonian parabola, being bent into the periphery of a circle, and is then a line passing through the extremities of the ordinates, which converge towards the center of the circle.

HELIOSCOPE, a prospect glass to
U u

view

HEREFARE, an old term from the Saxon, signifying the same as warfare.

HEREGELD, a term derived from the Saxon, signifying a tax which was formerly levied for maintaining an army.

HERESLITA, a term derived from HERESILIA, S the Saxon, signifying a soldier who abandons his colours, or quits the army without leave.

HERETEĞ, a term derived from HERETOG, the Saxon, signifying the leader of an army, a Duke, the same as dur in the Latin.

made of violet coloured crimson velvet, with three golden fleurs de luces before and behind, and as many on each sleeve where the name of the province stood, to which the herald belonged. They wore a black velvet cap ornamented with golden strings, and half boots, when they appeared on peaceable occasions, and with whole boots on warlike or martial ones. In solemn funerals they had a long robe of black velvet. The only difference between the king at arms and the heralds, with respect to dress, consisted in the richness of the embroidery; that of the former being very expensive. The coats of arms which were peculiar to the heralds were called Plaques, those of the kings at arins were distinguished by the name of HERGATE, a term derived from the Tunics They carried શ stick called Saxon, signifying a tribute which was Caduceus (such as Mercury is repre-paid in ancient times to the lord of the sented to have borne in ancient history.) soil, to enable him to carry on a war. But this stick was not ornamented by a crown with fleurs de luces, it was only covered with crimson velvet, having a few fleurs de luces interspersed.

There was likewise a herald, whose particular functions were to carry the Ling's orders. He was entitled to a coat of arms upon violet coloured velvet interspersed with fleurs de luces and gold embroidered flammes, or pendants, together with the arms and collars both before and behind. He likewise wore the cross belonging to the order, which was attached to a black silk cord wore cross-ways.

The author of the Dictionnaire Militaire derives the French term Héraut from the German Herald, which signifies a man at arms, un Gendarme. Verstegan derives it from the Saxon. Other French writers derive it from an old Gallic word harou, or hara, which was used as a challenge, a notification of fresh hostilities, a ban or general assembling of the people, a loud and public proclamation of battles fought, and victories obtained; on which account heralds, according to Ducange, were formerly called Clarigarvis as well as Heraldus.

HERCOTECTONIQUE, Fr. a term in fortification signifying that branch of Military architecture which specifically points out the best means of defence and the surest method of providing stores. This word is derived from the Greek.

HERETUM, a court in which the guards or military retinue that usually attended the old British nobility and bishops were accustomed to parade or draw up.

HÉRISSON, Fr. a turnpike which is made of one stout beam that is fenced by a quantity of iron spikes, and which is fixed upon a pivot, in the manner that our turnstiles are, so that it can turn in every direction.

HERISSON foudroyant, Fr. a sort of artificial firework which has several sharp points attached to it on the outside, and is filled with inflammable composition within. It is frequently used in breaches and retrenchments.

HERM-HARPOCRATES, a demigod, in the heathen mythology, that is represented, like Mercury, with wings at his feet, and with his finger on his mouth. This allegorical figure indicates to young officers, that they must in all things, and on all occasions execute the orders of their superiors in command with dispatch and zeal, and without betraying the least symptom of disgust or backwardness, be the orders ever so arduous or unpleasant.

HERO, (Héros, Fr.) This name was given by the ancients to those men who became illustrious in war, and who were stiled demi-gods, from a general notion that their actions entitled them to a place in heaven immediately after their decease. The heroes of antiquity were divided into two classes, the one of mortal genealogy, the other of heavenly descent, being the offspring of some god or goddess, who had had connexion with the human species.

Modern authors make a distinction U u 2 between

between a hero and a great man; the former appellation being given to one who distinguishes himself by feats of hardihood in military enterprize, and the latter to a person eminent for his virtues and extraordinary talents in civil life.

HEROINE, a term generally applied to women who have given exemplary proofs of courage and virtue.

HERRISON. See HERISSON. HERSE, in fortification, a grated door, formed by strong pieces of wood, jointed cross-ways like a lattice or barrow, and stuck full of iron spikes. It is usually hung by a rope and fastened to a moulinett, which is cut in case of a surprise, or when the first gate is suddenly forced with a petard, to the end that it may fall and stop the passage of a gate or other entrance of a fortress.

These herses are also often laid in the roads, with the points upwards, instead of the chevaux-de-frize, to incommode the march of both horse and foot. Common harrows are sometimes made use of in cases of emergency, with their points upwards.

HERSILLON, a strong beam, whose sides are stuck full of spikes, which is thrown across the breach made by an enemy, to render it impassable.

HESSIANS, troops belonging to the Prince of Hesse-Cassel in Germany. They have been frequently hired by Great Britain, and are never known to serve except as auxiliaries to other powers, who pay a stipulated price for each man to the Landgrave of that part of Germany.

solid geometrical figure, consisting of six equal sides.

HEXAGON, a figure of 6 sides and as many angles, capable of being fortified with 6 bastions. If the sides and angles be equal, it is called a regular hexagon. The side of a regular hexagon inscribed in a circle is equal to the radius of that circle; hence a regular hexagon is inscribed in a circle, by setting the radius of 6 times upon the periphery: as 1 to 1.672, so is the square of the side of any regular hexagon to the area thereof, nearly.

HEYDUC. Originally a Hungarian soldier, who was armed with a long sabre and small hatchet. The French kings were accustomed to have men, who were dressed in their livery, placed at the gates of their palaces. These were called heyducs. At Vienna and Berlin, as well as at the subordinate courts in Germany, the princes and noblemen have persons of this description, who are richly clothed, and constantly attend their carriages.

HIDES (tanned), are always carried along with an army, especially in the laboratory's stores, to protect powder or shells from rain; they are also used in

batteries and in laboratories.

HIE, Fr. a paving beetle, called also DEMOISELLE, MOUTON.

HIERARCHY, church government. HIERNHUTT, three missionaries are so called at the Cape of Good Hope. They have considerable influence over a large body of the Hottentots, whom they have in some degree civilized, and over whose minds they possess great

HÉTÉRIENNES, Fr. See MEG-power. The hiernhutt missionaries are

GHÉTÉRIARQUE.

considered by the English as well-meaning men, rendering the situation of some hundreds of that degraded race much more tolerable than it can possibly be to the aggregate of their oppressed countrymen, who are under the lash and ty ranny of the Dutch boors. Should a military corps be established in the co

HETMAN, Fr. sometimes called ATTEMAN, a word derived from the German, which signifies the chief of a troop. The chief general or grand general in Poland is called Hetman Wielki, and the second general Hetman Polny. The chief or general of the Cossacks is likewise invested with this title by thelony to consist chiefly of Hottentots, the sovereigns of Russia.

HEURTEQUINS, Fr. two pieces of iron resembling a knocker, which are placed upon the axis of the frame of a

cannon.

HEURTOIR de Soutien, Fr. See HURTER.

HEXAEDRON, (Hexuedre, Fr.) a

biernhutt missionaries may be made the means of attaching those people to the British government.

HIEROGLYPHICKS, (hieroglyphes, Fr.) certain mysterious characters of creatures or letters used among the Egyptians, by which they explained to one another the principles of their relis

HOGSHEAD, a vessel capable of HIEROGRAMMATES. See HIE-containing 63 gallons. Hogsheads filled

HIGHLANDERS, a robust, warlike bodyground, &c. resolutely against an enemy.

Military HISTORY, a narrative of mi-rections. litary transactions, campaigns, battles, sieges, marches, &c. of an army: likewise a relation of the heroic actions of great generals, &c.

HIVER (quartier d'), Fr. winter