East African herders insure against drought: An impact narrative from Kenya and Ethiopia

Agricultural Insurance aimed ance annually approach area ASALs assessed assets based benefited Borana bought buyers change clients commercial communities Company compensate considerable contract contributions costs county cover deaths depend design develop divisions drastic drought drought-related experience families farmers food aid forage availability found fund given Government group happen help herd loss higher IBLI product ILRI implementation improve income increase index index-based insurance indicator initial results insurance products insurance scheme insured households International Introduced investments Islamic larger launched level livelihood livestock mortality livestock productivity Management March Marsabit measures National NDVI data northern Kenya nutrition October offer partners pastoralists in northern photo credit positive impact potential predicted premium program promise protect provide purchase range received reduction research risk safety sales scale season shown social southern Ethiopia strong subsidies suggest that IBLI support survey sustainability system Takaful Insurance targeted tion toralist triggering payments underwriter Uptake viable vulnerable Wajir wellbeing women