The American Dictionary of Criminal Justice: Key Terms and Major Court Cases

The Third Edition of The American Dictionary of Criminal Justice is a reference every student of the criminal justice system should own. Like any good dictionary, this resource will assist students in a variety of courses—as well as in writing papers and understanding terminology in journal articles. Over 5,000 terms, concepts, and names are included in the new edition, as well as over 125 new U.S. Supreme Court cases. The Terms Section The dictionary's interdisciplinary approach greatly enhances its effectiveness as a "one-stop" resource. Students will no longer need to waste precious study time seeking out definitions in numerous specialized sources. Many definitions are accompanied by examples from the research literature, illustrating how the terms apply in particular contexts. This dictionary is useful for any criminology or criminal justice course—with applications in sociology, public administration, political science, and the administration of justice. Key terms cut across the following areas: criminal law, criminal justice, forensics, gangs, computers and computer crime, criminal investigations, criminology, criminological theory, corrections, probation and parole, courts and sentencing, rules of criminal procedure, constitutional law, policing and police-community relations, jails and prisons, white-collar crime, sodomy laws, civil rights, tort law, victimization, juvenile law, Section 1983 actions, capital punishment, electronic surveillance, fines and asset forfeiture, deadly force, search and seizure, wrongful convictions, the Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996. The dictionary includes numerous illustrations, figures, and tables that provide readers with visual portrayals of important criminal justice facts. A comprehensive listing of over 30 doctoral programs in criminal justice is provided, together with useful contact information. An extensive listing of Internet sites is provided for locating useful information regarding important topics associated with law enforcement, the courts, and corrections. Also featured are listings of all probation/parole and state corrections departments and relevant contact information. Finally, this section provides listings of leading criminological theorists, a summary of their major theoretical contributions, and brief synopses of their written works. Many theorists are cross-referenced with other scholars studying similar phenomena. The Supreme Court Cases Section Nine hundred and eighty of the most recent and significant leading U.S. Supreme Court cases have been abridged in a short paragraph format to highlight the major facts, holdings, and rationales. The complete case citations are boldfaced in brackets for more complete information about the case principals (e.g., Penry v. Johnson, 532 U.S. 782, 121 S.Ct. 1910 (2001) [Johnny Paul PENRY, Petitioner, v. Gary L. JOHNSON, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division] (Habeas Corpus Petitions; Jury Instructions; Sentencing). All leading cases have major terms boldfaced to indicate case content. A sample of current cases includes: Bunkley v. Florida (2003) retroactive rules Chavez v. Martinez (2003) Section 1983 rules Ewing v. California (2003) habitual offender statutes Illinois v. Lidster (2004) sobriety checkpoints Kaupp v. Texas (2003) confessions Khanh Phuong Nguyen v. United States (2003) federal appellate judge qualifications Lawrence v. Texas (2003) sodomy laws Lockyer v. Andrade (2003) three-strike laws Maryland v. Pringle (2003) vehicle searches Massaro v. United States (2003) ineffective assistance of counsel Miller v. Cockrell (2003) peremptory challenges Mitchell v. Esparza (2004) death penalty and harmless error doctrine Overton v. Bazzetta (2003) civil rights, Section 1983 claims Price v. Vincent (2003) double jeopardy Sell v. United States (2003) forced medication of mentally ill patients Smith v. Doe (2003) ex post facto laws Stogner v. California (2003) sex offender laws United States v. Banks (2003) knock and announce and exigent circumstances All major criminal justice topics have been incorporated into the compilation of cases, including such topics as: Acceptance of Responsibility Aggravating and Mitigating Circumstances Americans with Disabilities Act Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA) Asset Forfeiture Border Searches Civil Rights, Section 1983 Claims Confessions Custodial Interrogations Deadly Force Death-Qualified Juries Discovery Detainer Warrants DNA Profiling Double Jeopardy Electronic Surveillance, Wiretapping Evidence Preservation Exclusionary Rule Excessive Force Ex Post Facto Laws Fines Forced Medication of Mentally Ill Defendants Frivolous Lawsuits Good-Faith Exception Gun Control Bill Habeas Corpus Petitions Habitual Offender Statutes Hearsay Immigration Checkpoints Ineffective Assistance of Counsel In Forma Pauperis Motions Innocent-Owner Defense Judicial Misconduct Jury Size, Trials, and Voting Juvenile Law Knock and Announce Lineups Mandatory Death Penalty Media Rights Mens Rea Motion Deadlines Native American Tribal Law Obscenity Laws Parolee Rights Peremptory Challenges Plea Bargaining Police Misconduct Preventive Detention Prison Litigation Reform Act Retroactive Rules Sex Offender Laws Sexual Predators Sobriety Checkpoints Sodomy Laws Sterilization Stop and Frisk Supervised Release Regulations Thermal Imaging Equipment Trash Searches Victim Impact Statements Wrongful Convictions Many of these cases are cross-cited to facilitate research. These cases are indexed according to over 140 topics and include page number references for easy usage. Champion provides explanations of citation protocol for referencing legal citations, including citing the U.S. Reports, Supreme Court Reporter, and regional state supreme court compilations and reporters such as the Pacific Reporter and Southwestern Reporter. Crucial U.S. Constitutional Amendments are cited whenever applicable in the compilation. A unique feature is the explanation of how to cite and interpret case materials.