Antitrust and Health Care: Insights Into Analysis and Enforcement

1996 Statements accept action agencies agreement analysis anticompetitive antitrust argument arrangement Association basis Blue challenged claimed clinical competing competition concerns conduct consent considered consumers contract cost savings counsel court create decision defendants defined Department determine discussed economic effect efficiencies enforcement entity evidence example exclusive fact Federal Federal Trade Commission firm fixed geographic market Guidelines health care hospital mergers important increase independent individual industry inpatient integrated involving issues joint Justice letters limited lower managed market power matter merging messenger Michigan negotiate non-profit offer operating organizations participating parties patients payers percent physicians plans practice present primary product market profit proposed providers question reason relevant result risk rule share significant single specialty staff substantial Supp Trade transaction United