Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy

action activity anarchist anno aristocracy attain August Bebel Bakunin Bebel become bourgeoisie bureaucracy capitalist character comrades congress consequence constitute countries declared delegates democracy democratic parties deputies dominant economic Eduard Bernstein effect election electoral employees endeavor executive exercise existence force France French Gaetano Mosca German Socialist Party hand ideal ideas individual influence intellectuals interests Italian Italian Socialist Party Italy Karl Karl Kautsky Karl Marx labor movement leadership less majority manifest Marx Marxist masses means ment Michels minority modern moral officials old leaders oligarchy organiza Paris parliament parliamentary petty bourgeois political parties popular position possess practice principle proletarian questions rank and file reason referendum regarded representatives revolution revolutionary rule secure sentiment social democracy socialist leaders society struggle syndicalism syndicalists tactics tendency theory tion trade unions trade-union leaders Trans Victor Considérant vote whilst working-class