World Christianity and MarxismOxford University Press, 1998 M04 9 - 200 pages Denis Janz argues that the encounter with Marxism has been the defining event for twentieth century Christianity. No other worldview shook Christianity more dramatically and no other movement had as profound an impact on so many. Now the Cold War is over and as we approach the end of the century we need, Janz says, to ask ourselves what happened. This book is the first unified and comprehensive attempt to analyze this historic meeting between these two antagonistic worlds of thought and action. The intellectual foundation of this antagonism is to be found in Karl Marx himself, and thus the book begins with an account of Marx's assault on Christianity. All the diverse philosophical and political manifestations of Marxism were ultimately rooted in Marx's thought, and supporters based their greater or lesser hostilities toward Christianity on their reading of his critique. Janz follows this with an overview of Christian responses to Marx, extending from the mid-19th century to the onset of the Cold War. He argues that within this time frame Christianity's negation of Marx was not absolute; the loud "no" to Marx bore with it an important, if muted, "yes." With this intellectual groundwork in place, Janz turns to an examination of the encounter as it unfolded in specific national contexts: the United States, the Soviet Union, Poland, Nicaragua, Cuba, China, and Albania. The experiences of these countries varied widely, from Poland where Christianity maintained its strongest independence, to Nicaragua where a Christian alliance with Marxism contributed to revolutionary change, to Albania where a Stalinist government attempted to abolish religion entirely. From this survey emerges the evidence that world Christianity has clearly internalized some of the prominent features of its antagonist, suggesting that the "Marxist project" is not as utterly defunct as many have assumed. |
Contents
3 | |
Intellectual Foundations | 6 |
From the Communist Manifesto to the Cold War | 16 |
Chapter 4 The USSR | 31 |
Chapter 5 The United States | 52 |
Chapter 6 Poland | 68 |
Chapter 7 Nicaragua | 83 |
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Albania alienation already American Christians antireligious Antireligious Propaganda argued atheism believers bishops called capitalism Cardenal Castro Catholic Church century China Today Chinese Church Chris Christ Church in China Church leaders clergy communism Communist China Communist Party consciousness criticism critique Cuba Cuban Church cultural democratic dominant economic Enver Hoxha Ernesto Cardenal exploitation fact faith finally foreign hierarchy History of Marxist-Leninist Hoxha human ideology influence intellectual K. H. Ting Karl Marx Kirk labor Lenin liberation Lutheran World Federation MacInnis Maoism Marx's Marxist-Leninist Atheism Maryknoll MedellĂn Michnik missionaries movement Nicaragua Niebuhr numbers official Orbis Orthodox Church Paul Tillich peasants Poland Polish political Pospielovsky Practice in Communist priests Protestant Protestantism Quoted in ibid Religion in China Religion in Communist Religious Policy revolution Russian Sandinista Social Gospel socialist society Solidarity Somoza Soviet Union Stalin Stalinist struggle theology thought three-self Tillich Tischner traditional transformation Vatican Western York