The Chemical Gazette, Or, Journal of Practical Chemistry, in All Its Applications to Pharmacy, Arts, and Manufactures, Volume 14William Francis, Henry Croft R. and J.E. Taylor, 1856 |
Other editions - View all
Common terms and phrases
acetic acid action æther alcohol alcoholic solution alkaline alumina aluminium ammonia ammonium analysis anhydrous antimony appears barium baryta body boiling calcined carbonic acid cast iron cent centims chinoline chloride cobalt colourless compound concentrated contains converted cooling copper crystalline crystals cyanide decomposed decomposition dilute dissolved distilled dried at 212 employed equiv evaporated excess experiments ferrocyanide of potassium filtered fluid formula furnished fused glass heated hydrated insoluble iodine latter lead lime liquid magnesia manganese mass metallic mixed mixture muriatic acid neutral nitrate nitric acid nitrogen numbers obtained odour oxalic oxalic acid oxide oxygen perchloride peroxide phosphate phosphoric acid platinum portion potassium powder precipitate prepared produced protochloride pure reaction residue salt separated silicium silver small quantity soda sodium soluble solution of potash substance sulphate sulphocyanide sulphuretted hydrogen sulphuric acid temperature tion tube urea vapour washed water of crystallization whilst yellow zinc
Popular passages
Page 337 - This having been done, and the fluid iron run in, a rapid boiling up of the metal will be heard going on within the vessel. the metal being tossed violently about and dashed from side to side, shaking the vessel by the force with which it moves. From the throat of the converting vessel, flame will then immediately issue, accompanied by a few bright sparks.
Page 337 - At one side of the vessel, about half way up from the bottom, there is a hole made for running in the crude metal, and on the opposite side there is a tap-hole stopped with loam, by means of which the iron is run out at the end of the process. In practice this converting vessel may be made of any convenient size, but I prefer that it should not hold less than one, or more than five tons, of fluid iron at each charge.
Page 338 - ... per cent, greater than bar iron, it follows that, for most purposes, a much less weight of metal may be used ; so that, taken in that way, the semi-steel will form a much cheaper metal than any that we are at ргеьеш acquainted with.
Page 338 - ... produced gradually loses its small remaining portion of carbon, and passes successively from hard to soft steel, and from soft steel to steely iron, and eventually to very soft iron ; hence at a certain period of the process any quality of metal may be obtained...
Page 337 - On this new field of inquiry, he set out with the assumption that crude iron contains about 5 per cent, of carbon ; that carbon cannot exist at a white heat in the presence of oxygen without uniting therewith, and producing combustion ; that such combustion would proceed with a rapidity dependent on the amount of surface of carbon exposed ; and, lastly, that the temperature which the metal would acquire would also be dependent on the rapidity with which the oxygen and carbon were made to combine...
Page 359 - ... ordinary construction. By thus subjecting the granules of iron in presence of the sparry iron ore to a melting heat, the enwrapping oxides will first effect a partial decarbonization of the granulated iron, which decarbonization...
Page 359 - The quality of steel made by this process could be considerably modified. Thus, the finer the pig iron was granulated, the softer would be the steel made therefrom. The softer sorts of welding cast steel might be obtained by an addition of good wrought iron in small pieces, and the harder qualities by adding charcoal in various proportions to the abot-ementioned mixture.
Page 338 - ... which will thus wash and cleanse the metal most thoroughly from the silica and other earthy bases which are combined with the crude iron, while the sulphur and other volatile matters which cling so tenaciously to iron at ordinary temperatures are driven off, the sulphur combining with the oxygen and forming sulphurous acid gas.
Page 358 - ... from the surrounding materials, and form carbonic oxide or carbonic acid gas. If this process is interrupted before the completion of the process, a partially decarbonized iron will result, the surface of which will have been converted into a pure iron, while the interior parts remain unchanged ; or, in...
Page 394 - Oth part of a grain ; in fact, it really represents much less, inasmuch as one portion of the strychnia is converted by substitution into a soluble hydriodate, and of course remains dissolved in the liquid. I had hoped to have been able to complete this matter during this summer, but I now find it impossible to do so in time for this session of the Royal Society. I trust to be able to do so before Christmas, however. Will you oblige me by getting this notice inserted in the 'Proceedings...