Instructors Journal, Volume 1, Issue 1

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U.S. Air Force, Air Training Command., 1963
 

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Page 12 - I hear a voice that sings ;Build thee more stately mansions, O my soul, As the swift seasons roll ! Leave thy low- vaulted past ! Let each new temple, nobler than the last, Shut thee from heaven with a dome more vast, Till thou at length art free, Leaving thine outgrown shell by life's unresting sea!
Page 48 - Skinner's pigeons playing ping pong is the average human scanning a newspaper— glancing about to find matter of interest to him, judging, generalizing, reconstruing, all in silent reading without overt respondings or reinforcings. Most remarkable of all is it to see learning theorists, hypnotized by the plausibilities of a neat theory, trying to teach that human as if he were a pigeon — confining his glance to the rigid slow serial peep show viewing of innumerable "frames" each demanding that...
Page 48 - Instead, the allimportant fact is that human has transcended animal learning.' (Language, number, such skills as silent reading, make possible facilitations of learning, and kinds of learning, impossible even for the apes). A u loin struct ion should enhance such potentials. Instead, current animal derived procedures in autoinstruction destroy meaningful structure to present fragments serially in programs, and replace processes of cognitive clarification with largely rote reinforcings of bit learnings....
Page 5 - Hydraulic and Pneumatic Principles." This programmed course took only one hour on the average for students to complete and, at the same time resulted in a gain in performance of 20%. At Keesler Air Force Base, programming reduced the training time for an introductory AC&W radar course from fifteen hours to five hours, with 95% of the students scoring over 85% on the criterion test. A program developed at Amarillo Air Force Base on the use of hand tools raised the > average level of achievement by...
Page 64 - ... other people. Second, it is utterly untrue that teachers lead a life of elegant leisure, doing only what they like. In recounting my apprenticeship I called teaching backbreaking work and later I hinted that steady teaching is a task that would fray the nerves of an ox. These are both sober statements. An hour of teaching is certainly the equivalent of a whole morning of office work. The pace, the concentration, the output of energy in office work are child's play compared with handling a class,...
Page 46 - There is evidence that, contrary to theoretical inference, students do, after autoinstruction with such items, less often make the so-labeled mistakes, more often get things right, and transfer or generalize so that the gains appear on recall and yet other types of end tests (see for instance Jones, 1954; Lumsdaine & Glaser, 1960, pp. 52-93). Only half the students in a class may get such an item right on a pretest, but almost all of them do so on an end test a month later. In striking contrast,...
Page 50 - Profession means an avocation whose activities are subjected to theoretical analysis, and are modified by theoretical conclusions derived from that analysis.
Page 43 - Further, some halfdozen investigators have reported that as much may be learned in a given time simply by reading, as by reading and responding (Pressey, 1962; Silberman, 1962). In short, these theorists have independently discovered what educators have known about and been investigating for over 40 years — silent reading! Further, as programed matter has been used over a period of time, it has been realized that for skimming for main ideas, for review — for any use except that initial go-through...
Page 46 - autodiscussion" would follow, and its function would be (to paraphrase a statement in Ausubel's 1961 review) to enhance the clarity and stability of cognitive structure by correcting misconceptions, and deferring the instruction of new matter until there had been such clarification and elucidation.
Page 52 - Spec., accumulated and accepted knowledge which has been systematized and formulated with reference to the discovery of general truths or the operation of general laws; knowledge classified and made available in work, life, or the search for truth ; comprehensive, profound, or philosophical knowledge.

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