The Interaction of Contract Law and Tort and Property Law in Europe: A Comparative Study

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sellier. european law publ., 2004 - 541 pages
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Against the background of the creation of an EU-wide frame of reference for private law relevant to the Common Market, this study, which was requested by the EU Commission, analyses the dovetailing between contract and tort law on the one hand, and between contract and property law on the other. The study examines the legal orders of almost all the Member States of the EU, illustrates the differences between contractual and non-contractual liability and evaluates the different systems of the transfer of property, of movable and immovable securities as well as trust law. The study comes to the conclusion that the intensive considerations on the creation of a model-law in the area of European private law do not allow these thoughts to be limited to contract law. Such a limitation to the scope of the regarding of this area would probably cause more problems than it would solve, or at any rate not do justice to the needs of the Common Market.
 

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Contents

Introduction
1
Reactions
2
The approach of the European Parliament
3
The Economic and Social Committee
4
Principles as applicable law?
5
The Commissions Action Plan
6
Study on product liability
7
Strategy document
8
Illustrations 260
215
Change of agent or sole distributor 262
216
Entitlement to claim damages 269
217
Limitation mechanisms 273
218
Obligatory rights 274
219
Direct damage to the creditor 275
220
Personal injury to an employee 276
221
Material damage to tools or equipment necessary for the injured partys performance to the creditor 277
222

Working group on mortgage loans
10
Absence of a uniform concept of contract law
11
The structure of the interference problem
12
Examples in the relationship of tort law to contract law
13
Peculiarities of tort law
14
Further aspects of the interference problem
15
The passing on of information
16
Economic contexts
17
Examples in the relationship of trust law to contract law
18
The interference problem and its relation to obstacles to the exploitation
19
4 Protection Afforded to Intangible Rights of Personality
31
Common Law
37
Recent French case law
38
Belgium
39
Portugal and the Netherlands
40
Significance of the differences from the standpoint of the internal market
42
The division between contractual and tortious liability to compensate
44
doctors and hospitals liability
45
The common ground of contract and tort law
46
Spain
47
Protected interests
50
general
51
Common law countries
52
Presumptions of liability
53
b Contract law
54
Sellers guarantee
55
Liability of constructeurs under French law
56
Italy
57
Austria
58
Spain
60
Portugal
62
The Netherlands
63
Germany
64
Sweden
65
United Kingdom
66
2 Damages for Economic Loss
68
Economic and noneconomic damage distinguished
69
a Tort law
70
Italy
71
Portugal
72
England and Wales
73
b Contract law
75
Italy
76
Portugal
77
Sweden
78
England and Wales
79
Scotland
80
Remoteness and causation
81
3 Loss of Chance
83
France Belgium and Luxembourg
84
Spain
85
Sweden
86
4 Damages for Noneconomic Loss
89
Portugal
90
Germany
91
Italy
92
The Netherlands
93
Austria
94
United Kingdom
95
b Contract law
98
The package travel directive
99
National implementation
100
Discrimination in employment law
101
National implementation
102
Austria
103
Belgium and France
104
United Kingdom
105
Germany
106
Sweden
107
Greece
108
Portugal
109
Contract and tort law
110
Breadth of application
111
France and Belgium
113
Astreinte
114
Italy
115
Greece
116
Germany
117
Scandinavia
118
No universal definition
119
intention versus negligence
120
Ricochet loss
121
Closure of public markets transportation corridors and public infrastructures
122
Reliance upon flawed data advice or professional services
123
A challenge to traditional views
124
Historical perspective
125
Pragmatic regimes
126
Belgium
127
Italy
128
Greece
129
England and Wales
130
The Netherlands
131
Contract and tort
132
Austria
133
Portugal
134
Sweden
135
Interim conclusions
136
The time factor
137
Key areas of negligencebased protection
138
France and Belgium
139
Italy
140
Portugal
141
Spain
142
Austria
143
Sweden
144
b Contract law
148
Italy and Germany
149
Greece
150
Sweden
151
8 Reduction or Exclusion of Liability
152
a Tort law
153
The Netherlands
154
Contractual restrictions of tortious liability
155
Italy
156
Portugal
157
United Kingdom
158
b Contract Law
160
PECL
161
Spain
162
Germany
163
Italy and The Netherlands
164
The internal market
167
9 Contributory Negligence or Fault
168
a Tort law
169
Spain
170
The Netherlands
171
b Contract law
174
Austria
175
United Kingdom
176
10 Prescription
178
The Netherlands
179
United Kingdom
180
Criticisms
181
Personal injury actions
182
a Tort law 229
183
2 Liability for Bodily Injury and Damage to Property 239
190
Collateral contractual duties 239
191
Belgium 239
192
Spain 240
208
Misleading information leading to breach of contract 259
213
France and Belgium
231
Spain
232
Germany
233
Italy
234
Portugal
235
Obstacles to the smooth running of the internal market
236
1 Overview
237
Unity of tort law
238
5 Liability for Misinformation
239
Germany
240
Greece
241
Portugal
242
Sweden
243
United Kingdom
244
Belgium and France
245
Italy
246
The Netherlands
248
Austria
249
United Kingdom
250
Liability for breach of the medical duty to inform
251
The burden of proof
252
Notions of product producer and defect
253
Improper use of the product and instructions
254
Instructions warnings and toys
255
Labels instructions and warnings
256
The package travel directive Directive 90314EEC
257
The consumer credit directive Directive 87102EEC
258
The timeshare directive Directive 9447EC
259
The ecommerce directive Directive 200031EC
260
The data protection directive Directive 9546EC
261
The public works contracts directive Directive 9337EEC
262
cc Liability for prospectuses
263
Takeovers
267
Consumer credit
269
dd Advertising
273
Television advertising
274
Implementation of the Directive
275
Definition
276
Liability Issues in Specific Contexts
277
Introduction
278
Greece
280
Portugal
283
Sweden
287
England
289
Common Law
292
Equity
295
Standard contract terms
305
Law of obligations
307
Scotland 229
308
2 Problematic Issues of Characterisation
313
the Netherlands
319
4 The Qualification of Contractual Rights for Use of an Asset
323
The split approach
334
Effects between the parties
340
Conclusions and reactions of stakeholders
347
Effects in relation to third parties
352
Exceptions
358
Arrangement of the chapter
364
4 Private International Law Difficulties
370
Experience from the European Coal and Steel Community
371
Coexistence of trusts and contracts
372
the example of the Quistclose trust
373
The economic function of Quistclose trusts
374
Constructive trust and equitable conversion
375
i between the contracting parties
376
Promises to transfer afteracquired property
377
Equitable interest of the promisee
378
d Assignment trusts of contractual rights and third party rights
379
Third party rights to enforce contracts and trusts of contractual rights
380
e Trusts and contribution to financing property acquisition
381
Relationship to contract rules
382
Loans and contributions
383
Express private trusts and statutory trusts
384
Selfhelp structures in other jurisdictions
385
c Appointment of trustees resident abroad
386
Necessity for a good reason
388
EU legislation
401
Notices
404
Substance
405
5 Conclusion
406
Laccueil de la thØorie par le droit positif
407
Le fondement discutØ de lopposabilitØ
408
Plan
409
OpposabilitØ du transfert
410
Droits rØels immobiliers
411
Meubles corporels
412
SßretØs sui generis?
413
PublicitØ fonci re
414
LinefficacitØ frØquente en France des sßretØs mobili res de droit Øtranger
415
Les arrÞts DIAC et Fristol
416
ElØment matØriel
417
ElØment moral
418
Autres aspects de lopposabilitØ aux tiers en mati re de responsabilitØ dØlictuelle
419
La portØe du principe dans les opØration transfrontali res
420
lexemple du droit allemand
421
4 La ResponsabilitØ des Parties envers les Tiers
422
Les fautes dØlictuelles à lØgard des tiers commises dans lexØcution dun contrat
423
Incidence du principe du noncumul
424
La portØe du principe dans les opØrations transfrontali res
425
Autres aspects de lopposabilitØ et dØtermination de la nature contractuelle ou dØlictuelle de laction
426
Les distorsions de concurrence pouvant rØsulter des divergences de lØgislation
427
Information about Foreign Law
428
Information from Legal and Business Practice 666 General
431
Appendix
433
Summary of responses
435
Qn 1 abstaining from business due to inestimable risks
436
Qn 2 auditing of particular risks of liability
437
Qn 4 incorrect information
438
Qn 6 nonexcludable comparative competitive disadvantages
439
Qn 10 different modes and costs in securing crossborder credit
440
Qn 12 unsuitability of domestic modes of security
441
Summary of responses
443
Qn 4 problems connected to electronic commerce
444
Qn 12 difficulty costs familiarity and risks of borrowing and security abroad
445
Note of thanks to the authors of the responses
452
Analysis and Recommendations I Tort Law and Contract Law
457
the problem of complexity
458
Responses of consultees
459
Differences between tort and contract law
460
Contract law and law of obligations
461
Summary of the interferences of greatest importance for the internal market
462
Ditto
463
Ditto
464
Ditto
465
Ditto
466
Property Law and Contract Law
467
Other obstacles to a free flow of commerce in the internal market
468
Harmonization of security laws in steps
469
Annexes Table of Abbreviations
471
Table of Codes Statutes and other Legislation
485
Germany 251
491
Greece 251
495
Italy 251
497
Austria 252
500
Sweden 254
507
United Kingdom 255
510
Table of Cases from English Speaking Jurisdictions
515
Table of Literature
525
Interference with Contractual Rights 255
532
Copyright

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The Interaction of Contract Law and Tort and Property Law in Europe: A ...
Christian von Bar,Ulrich Drobnig
Limited preview - 2004

Common terms and phrases

accordance action agreement applies approach arising authority Bank basis breach breach of contract Cass caused circumstances Civil claim clause Code common compensation concerning consequence consideration considered consumer contained contract law Court damage debtor decision defective delict depends Directive droit duty effect employee England English established European example excluded existence fact fault French further German give important injury instance interest internal involved Italy legal systems legislation liability limitation loc.cit Lord mortgage nature negligence object obligations particular performance period person position possible practice principle problem protection purchaser question reason reference regard regulation relation relationship relevant respect responsabilità responsible result risk rules Scotland situation specific strict third party tort law tortious transfer trust

Bibliographic information

QR code for The Interaction of Contract Law and Tort and Property Law in Europe
TitleThe Interaction of Contract Law and Tort and Property Law in Europe: A Comparative Study
AuthorsChristian von Bar, Ulrich Drobnig, Guido Alpa
EditorsChristian von Bar, Ulrich Drobnig
Compiled byGuido Alpa
ContributorEuropean Commission. Directorate-General for Health and Consumer Protection
Publishersellier. european law publ., 2004
ISBN3935808208, 9783935808200
Length541 pages
  
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